Notation

[math]\displaystyle{ v : τ }[/math] means value [math]\displaystyle{ v }[/math] has type [math]\displaystyle{ τ }[/math].
[math]\displaystyle{ X = a }[/math] means that a type or a value [math]\displaystyle{ X }[/math] is an alias for [math]\displaystyle{ a }[/math].
[math]\displaystyle{ X := \text{[something]} }[/math] means that [math]\displaystyle{ X }[/math] is defined to be [math]\displaystyle{ \text{[something]} }[/math]
A percent sign % preceded only by spaces starts a line comment % [comment]
We use [math]\displaystyle{ \cdot }[/math] to denote that we do not care about the value some variable takes. For example, when quantifying over a set of tuples of the form [math]\displaystyle{ (x, y) }[/math] we may use a [math]\displaystyle{ (x, \cdot) }[/math] to express that we do not care about the value [math]\displaystyle{ y }[/math] takes in each of the tuples.
Let [math]\displaystyle{ X }[/math] be a set or a sequence. We use [math]\displaystyle{ |X| }[/math] to denote the size/length of the set/sequence.
Let [math]\displaystyle{ X }[/math] be a sequence. We use [math]\displaystyle{ X[i] }[/math] to access the element in [math]\displaystyle{ X }[/math] at index [math]\displaystyle{ i }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ X[u…v] }[/math] to refer to a slice of the sequence starting at index [math]\displaystyle{ u }[/math] and ending at index [math]\displaystyle{ v }[/math]. For example, for a sequence [math]\displaystyle{ X := (a, b, c, d) }[/math], the [math]\displaystyle{ slice X[2…3] = (b, c) }[/math].
We define the concatenation of two ordered sequences [math]\displaystyle{ a := (x_1, …, x_m) }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ b := (y_1, …, y_n) }[/math] as [math]\displaystyle{ (x_1, …, x_m, y_1, …, y_n) }[/math].
We often work with partial maps [math]\displaystyle{ M: X \mapsto Y }[/math], which we write as [math]\displaystyle{ \{ (x_1 \mapsto y_1), \dots, (x_n \mapsto y_n) \} }[/math], where [math]\displaystyle{ \forall~ i, 1 \leq i \leq n : x_i \in X \land y_i \in Y }[/math] and [math]\displaystyle{ \nexists~ i, j, 1 \leq i, j \leq n: x_i = x_j \land i \neq j }[/math]. We note that partial maps can be nested, i.e., the set [math]\displaystyle{ Y }[/math] could again be a partial map
We use square brackets to index into a partial map, for example [math]\displaystyle{ M[x] = y }[/math] if [math]\displaystyle{ (x \mapsto y) \in M }[/math]