Internet Computer Wiki - User contributions [en]

Neuron attributes and commands

2022-01-09T21:00:12Z

Jens Groth: /* Neuron Attributes */

This page provides more details about the [https://wiki.internetcomputer.org/index.php?title=Governance_of_the_Internet_Computer&veaction=edit&section=6#Neurons neurons] in the Network Nervous System (NNS), focusing on their attributes and the commands by which they can be changed.

== Neuron Attributes ==
Each neuron in the NNS has the following attributes.

* id: The identifier of the neuron.
* account: The principal of the ICP ledger account where the locked ICP balance resides. That is, each neuron's ICP token balance is stored on an account on the ledger canister. In contrast to non-neuron accounts the controller can however not just transfer the funds out of this account.

* controller: The principal that controls the neuron. The principal must be derived from a public key, which acts as a “master key” (the corresponding secret key should be kept secure). The principal may control many neurons.

* hot_keys: Keys that can be used to authorize actions with limited privileges, for example voting with a neuron. The idea is that while the controller key should be kept very secure, the loss or compromise of keys that are used more often (and thus very secure storage might not be feasible) has less security impact.
* cached_neuron_stake_e8s: The amount of staked ICP tokens, measured in fractions of 10E-8 of an ICP. This does not include the fees or some of the collected rewards (see below) and might not correspond exactly to the amount of ICP tokens of the neuron's account at all times. For example, to top up a neuron, one first transfers some ICP tokens to the neuron's account and then refreshes the neuron, which means that in between these actions the neuron's account actually holds more tokens than indicated by the corresponding cached stake.
* neuron_fees_e8s: The amount that this neuron owes, measured in fractions of 10E-8 of an ICP. This amount is increased when a neuron makes a proposal of [[Topic ManageNeuron|topic ''ManageNeuron'']] or when a neuron makes a proposal of any other topic (in the latter case the fee is reimbursed if the proposal is accepted). When a neuron is disbursed, these tokens are burned.
* created_timestamp_seconds: The time when the neuron was created.
* aging_since_timestamp_seconds: The time, in seconds from the Unix epoch as measured by the IC, this neuron has last entered the non-dissolving state.
* dissolve_state: The state specifying whether a neuron is dissolving, i.e., the timer when the staked tokens can be retrieved is decreasing, or non-dissolving, i.e., the time how much into the future the staked tokens can be retrieved is stopped.
** When a neuron is dissolving, i.e., the dissolve timer is running, the state is when_dissolved_timestamp_seconds and stores the timestamp, in seconds from the Unix epoch, at which the neuron becomes dissolved.
** When a neuron is non-dissolving, i.e., the dissolve timer is stopped, the state is dissolve_delay_seconds and stores how much time, in seconds, the dissolve timer will be started with.
* followees: A neuron's followees stored as a map of topics (represented by an integer) to set of followee neurons.
* recent_ballots: Information about how this neuron voted in the recent past. It only contains proposals that the neuron voted yes or no on.
* kyc_verified: `true` if this neuron has passed KYC, `false` otherwise
* transfer: The record of the transfer that was made to create this neuron. This is not used anymore and always set to "None".
* maturity_e8s_equivalent: A neuron's maturity in "e8s equivalent". The maturity keeps track of the rewards that the neurons has collected. While this quantity is on the same scale as ICP tokens, it is not directly convertible to ICPs and conversion requires a minting event (e.g., spawn or merge the maturity).
* not_for_profit: Whether this neuron is "Not for profit", making it dissolvable by voting (see below)
* joined_community_fund_timestamp_seconds: The time point when this neuron joined the community fund.

== Manage Neuron Commands ==
In general, any changes to or in the name of a neuron (e.g., changes to the neuron's attributes or casting a vote in the name of the neuron) can be made in two ways:

# by using the manage_neuron interface of the governance canister or
# by making a special proposal of [[topic ManageNeuron]], where the basic idea is that a set of neurons can control a ''managed neuron'' by submitting and voting on special proposals. This only works if the managed neuron follows these controlling neurons for the proposal topic ManageNeuron. If this is given, the set of controlling neurons can send commands to the governance canister as if they were issued by the managed neuron's controller (that is with the same privileges that the managed neuron's controller has to manipulate the neuron). Thus, if it is stated that some neuron commands can only be done by a neuron's controller, this also includes the possibility that these commands are done per manageNeuron proposal.

We next list all commands that can be done by manage_neuron.

=== Claiming a Neuron ===
This can be used to stake ICP utility tokens into a neuron. To do so, first a transfer must be made to the neuron's associated ledger account. Each transfer on the ledger account can be provided with a ''memo.'' After this transfer, the neuron can be claimed on the governance canister by providing the memo and the controller of the neuron. This allows the governance canister to find the corresponding account on the ledger canister and learn how many tokens should be staked in the corresponding neuron. A neuron is then created.

'''Access control (who can issue this command)'':''''' ''Anyone can call this method.''

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

=== Refreshing a Neuron ===
Similarly to how a neuron is first created, a neuron can be topped up by making a transfer to the neuron's Ledger canister account and then calling the Governance canister, which will adjust the neuron's stake to the new balance on the neuron's account. For this to work, the caller must either provide the governance canister with the memo and controller (as with claiming a neuron) or with the neuron's ID or account.

'''''Access control (who can issue this command):''' Anyone can call this method.''

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

=== Configuring a Neuron ===
Once a neuron is claimed, a neuron's controller might want to configure it. The following are commands that only configure a given neuron, but do not interact with the outside world.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' All neuron configurations can only be invoked by a neuron's controller.

* IncreaseDissolveDelay: Increases a neuron's dissolve delay by the given additional dissolve delay but at most to a given maximum dissolve delay (which is currently set to 8 years). If this method is called on a non-dissolving neuron, it remains non-dissolving. If it is called on dissolving neuron, it remains dissolving. If this configuration is called on a dissolved neuron, it becomes non-dissolving. Moreover, the neuron's aging_since_timestamp_seconds is reset to start counting from when it last entered the dissolved state in the case where the ''dissolved'' state was reached through explicit dissolution or to `now` when this is not applicable, e.g., when the neuron is newly created with zero dissolve delay.

* SetDissolveTimestamp: This is just another way of increasing the dissolve delay, by stating the target dissolve timestamp rather than the relative increase in the dissolve delay. It is internally translated to do the same as increasing the dissolve delay.
* StartDissolving: If this neuron is not dissolving, start dissolving it. If the neuron is dissolving or dissolved, an error is returned. Starting to dissolve a neuron intuitively means that the neuron's countdown to when the staked tokens can be liquidated is started. In terms of neuron attributes, the neuron's dissolve state is set to when_dissolved_timestamp_seconds which specifies the time now plus the neuron's dissolve delay (i.e., the defined countdown's duration). Moreover, the neuron's aging_since_timestamp_seconds is set to the maximum possible value, which represents that the neuron has no age as this will be in the future.

* StopDissolving: If this neuron is dissolving, set it to not dissolving. If the neuron is not dissolving, an error is returned. Intuitively, this means that the neuron's countdown towards when the staked tokens can be liquidated is stopped. In terms of neuron attributes, the neuron's state is set to dissolve_delay_seconds, which now tracks the remaining time on the countdown. Also, the neuron's aging_since_timestamp_seconds is set to now.

* AddHotKey: A new hot key is added to the neuron if the following preconditions hold: - key to add is not already present in 'hot_keys' - the key to add is well-formed - there are not already too many hot keys for this neuron (currently 10 hot keys are allowed).
* RemoveHotKey: The specified hot key is removed if it is in the list of hot keys.
* JoinCommunityFund: If the neuron has not yet joined the community fund, this configuration sets the neuron's joined_community_fund_timestamp_seconds to the current time. If the neuron is already a member of the community fund, an error is returned.

=== Make Proposal ===
This command can be used to have a neuron controlled by the issuer of the command to submit a proposal. If successful, the command creates an initial electoral roll that includes a ballot for all neurons that are eligible to vote on the proposal at the time when the proposal is created and where the ballots state the neurons' voting power at the time of the proposal creation. The neuron that makes the proposal is charged the rejection fee upfront which will be reimbursed if the proposal is accepted (except for proposals of topic ManageNeuron) and the voting power of the proposer neuron is already counted towards the yes votes of the proposal.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller or a registered hot key.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

* The proposal is valid.
* The neuron is eligible to vote on the proposal (i.e., still has a minimum dissolve delay currently set to 6 months).
* The neuron has more stake than the cost of a rejected proposal, which is currently 1 ICP.
* There are not too many open proposals.

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

* The neuron_fees_e8s are increased by the rejection fee (or, in case of a ManageNeuron proposal the corresponding fee).
* The recent_ballots are updated with the yes ballot that is cast for the proposer.

=== Register Vote ===
This is used to directly register a neuron's vote for a given proposal. Also, it triggers the registration of a vote for all neurons that follow this neuron.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller or a registered hot key.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

* A proposal is specified that exists.
* The neuron is eligible to vote on this proposal, i.e., an empty ballot has been entered to the electoral roll (if this is not the case, then the neuron was not eligible at the time when the proposal was created and thus the neuron is not allowed to vote on it).
* The neuron has not already voted on this proposal.

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

* The recent_ballots are updated.

=== Follow ===
Add or remove followees for this neuron for a specified topic. If the list of followees is empty, remove the followees for this topic. If the list has at least one element, replace the current list of followees for the given topic with the provided list. Note that the list is replaced, not added to.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

* The list of followees is not too long (the current maximum is 15 followees per topic).

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

* The followees for the given topic are updated.

=== Spawn ===
This command allows to convert the neuron's collected rewards that are stored as the neuron's maturity to (staked) ICP utility tokens by minting the corresponding tokens (on the Ledger canister) and "spawning" them into a new neuron. The new ''child neuron'', containing the spawned staked tokens has a small dissolve delay, which means that the tokens can be liquidated after only a short period of time while the original ''parent neuron's'' tokens may still be locked for much longer.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

* The parent neuron exists.
* The parent neuron is not involved in any neuron commands that have ledger interactions (to avoid inconsistencies).
* The parent neuron has accumulated maturity that would generate more than the minimum stake needed to create a new neuron.
* A controller for the new child neuron is provided that is valid.

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

* The maturity is decreased by the maturity at the time when the command started (a new reward event might have set it to non-zero already again).

'''The new "child" neuron's attributes:'''

* id: random identifier
* account: random account (that does not yet exist)

* controller: set to the provided controller

* hot_keys: same as parent neuron
* cached_neuron_stake_e8s: set to the parent's maturity at the time when the command started.
* neuron_fees_e8s: 0
* created_timestamp_seconds: current time
* aging_since_timestamp_seconds: current time
* dissolve_state: (non-dissolving) dissolve_delay_seconds set to neuron_spawn_dissolve_delay_seconds as defined in the governance economics (currently set to 7 days)
* followees: same as parent neuron
* recent_ballots: empty
* kyc_verified: same as parent neuron
* transfer: not set
* maturity_e8s_equivalent:0
* not_for_profit: false
* joined_community_fund_timestamp_seconds: None

=== Merge Maturity ===
This command allows to convert the neuron's collected rewards that are stored as the neuron's maturity to (staked) ICP utility tokens by adding them to the neuron's stake. The caller can choose a percentage of maturity to merge. The effect is that the corresponding tokens will be minted on the Ledger canister and added to the neuron's account.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

* The neuron has some maturity to merge.
* The e8s equivalent of the amount of maturity to merge must be more than the transaction fee on the Ledger canister.

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

* The specified portion of the maturity is subtracted from the neuron's maturity_e8s_equivalent.
* The specified portion of the maturity is added to the neuron's cached_neuron_stake_e8s.
* The neuron's age (specified in aging_since_timestamp_seconds) is adjusted to reflect that the newly added tokens have no age.

=== Disburse ===
Once a dissolving neuron's countdown has reached zero, the neuron is dissolved and can thus be disbursed, which means that (some or only a specified number of) the staked tokens can be transferred to a given account. If no target account is provided, the transfer is made to the caller's account (i.e., the neuron's controller's account).

In more detail, when a neuron is disbursed multiple steps happen:

# The neuron's accumulated fees are burned.
# The neuron's accumulated maturity is converted to ICP utility tokens by minting the corresponding tokens and also transferring them to the target account.
# The given staked amount (or the full stake if none is provided) is transferred to the target account.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

* The neuron exists.
* The neuron's state is `Dissolved` at the current timestamp, i.e., the dissolve countdown has reached zero.
* The neuron's kyc_verified is not false. That is, a neuron that was created with kyc_verified false cannot be disbursed until it went through kyc.

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

* The specified amount is subtracted from the neuron's cached_neuron_stake_e8s, as are the original neuron fees.
* The neuron_fees_e8s is set to zero.
* The maturity_e8s_equivalent is set to zero.

=== Split ===
This command splits a ''parent neuron'' into two neurons, the original parent neuron and a new child neuron. This command may be useful, if a neuron holder would like for example to set the neuron configurations differently for a portion of the locked tokens.

The parent neuron's stake is decreased by the amount specified, while the child neuron is created with a stake equal to that amount, minus the Ledger canister transfer fee. The child neuron inherits all the properties of its parent.

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

* The parent neuron exists.
* The parent neuron is not involved in any neuron commands that have ledger interactions (to avoid inconsistencies).
* The staked amount minus amount to split is more than the minimum stake (ensuring that the parent neuron has at least the minimum stake).
* The amount to split minus the transfer fee is more than the minimum stake (ensuring that the child neuron has at least the minimum stake).

'''The effect on the (parent) neuron's attributes:'''

* cached_neuron_stake_e8s: deduced by specified amount that is split.

'''The the new "child" neuron's attributes:'''

* id: random identifier
* account: random account (that does not yet exist)

* controller: same as parent neuron

* hot_keys: same as parent neuron
* cached_neuron_stake_e8s: set to specified amount that is split from parent minus the transaction fee
* neuron_fees_e8s: 0
* created_timestamp_seconds: current time
* aging_since_timestamp_seconds: same as parent neuron
* dissolve_state: same as parent neuron
* followees: same as parent neuron
* recent_ballots: empty
* kyc_verified: same as parent neuron
* transfer: not set
* maturity_e8s_equivalent: 0
* not_for_profit: same as parent neuron
* joined_community_fund_timestamp_seconds: same as parent neuron
=== Disburse to Neuron ===
(Intro)

'''Access control (who can issue this command):''' The neuron's controller.

'''Preconditions (other conditions that must hold):'''

'''The effect on the neuron's attributes:'''

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T20:48:04Z

Jens Groth:

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[ICP token]]
*[[Staking and Voting|Staking and voting rewards]]
* [[Managing ICP holdings]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-Tos ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorials ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalized. DFINITY is always stylized in all-caps.
*Please do not use the word "we", many people may later edit the article leaving "we" ambiguous.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Staking, voting and rewards

2022-01-09T20:41:39Z

Jens Groth: /* Key Concepts */

== Staking & Voting Rewards ==

Stakeholders can earn significant returns on their staked ICP tokens in
the form of voting rewards. The Internet Computer is a decentralized
platform whose evolution is decided by the voting power of its
stakeholders. This scheme ensures that those making decisions impacting
the future of the Internet Computer are personally vested in the
outcome. In return the Internet Computer gives out voting rewards.
Voters can vote actively, or they can use the liquid democracy on the
Internet Computer to automatically follow other voters.

== Key Concepts ==

=== Neurons ===

In order to become vested and obtain voting power, ICP tokens must first
be staked, and then locked up for a length of time greater than 6
months, to at most 8 years.

Just as tokens are held in a user's account, stake is held in a special
account called a "neuron". Each neuron has its own identifier, and
several attributes relating to its stake. These include:

* the length of time it is locked for (the "dissolve delay");
* whether it is currently dissolving toward liquidity;
* and how much reward it has accrued as a result of voting on proposals (the "maturity").

Once a neuron is locked for more than six months, it gains the ability
both to submit proposals and to vote on them. Voting in turn generates
voting rewards, based on how active a neuron is in voting on proposals.
If you vote on every open proposal, you gain the maximum reward.

A neuron can also "follow" other neurons, which causes it to
automatically vote the same as the majority of the neurons that it
follows. All new neurons by default follow neuron 27 held by the ICA, so
any newly staked neuron will generate voting rewards as soon as it is
locked for more than six months. The default following is applied to
most proposal topics, except for proposals with topic Governance, where
neuron holders have to explicitly vote to earn rewards.

=== Voting Power ===

The voting power of a locked neuron is determined by several factors:

* Principally, by its stake. 1 ICP = the power of 1 vote.
* Next, by its lock up duration, or dissolve delay. 6 months grants a 1.06x voting power bonus, and 8 years grants 2x. All other durations scale linearly between.
* Lastly, by its age, or length of time spent locked up without dissolving. 4 years grants a 1.25x bonus, multiplicative with any other bonuses. All other durations between 0 seconds and 4 years scale linearly between.

This means that the maximum voting power, of 2.5 votes per ICP staked,
is only achievable by locking up your neuron for 8 years, and leaving it
in that locked up state for 4 years. At that time you will have the most
voting power for the stake committed.

=== Maturity ===

Maturity represents the voting rewards accumulated in a neuron. Each day
the network rewards participants by allocating to every voting neuron a
portion of the total reward, based both on its voting power at the time
proposals were made, and the number of proposals it voted on.

Some look at maturity as similar to a "dividend" or "interest", but
please note that your tax authority may take a different view on the
subject. Please consult the appropriate professionals before deciding on
an interpretation of when maturity becomes income.

For those who wish to compound the gains in their neuron, the most
natural activity is to "merge maturity" at intervals, which has the
effect of minting the neuron's maturity and adding that minted amount
back into the neuron's stake. If you wish to harvest income from the
neuron, you "spawn" maturity into a reward neuron, which mints the
parent neuron's, and moves this maturity into the stake of a new neuron.
It should be noted that if you do neither, and leave those gains in the
form of maturity, it will not add to the minted total of ICP, nor
contribute to your voting power.

== Why Staking Matters ==

To some, staking is seen as an income generator, a way to perform "yield
farming" by locking up ICP and enjoying the benefits of the accrued
maturity. However, staking is not intended solely as an income vehicle.
It is a way of allowing those who invest in the Internet Computer to
decide what happens next with the platform.

When the Internet Computer first launched, all proposals required a
majority vote to pass. Gradually, however, this is changing. After a
recent update it is now possible for proposals to pass with only a
majority among 3% of the total voting power, meaning that proposals
stand a chance even if large entities abstain and the majority of the
network does not vote.

== Staking Rewards ==

Even if you stake only for the purpose of voting on proposals, voting
rewards are an important aspect of neurons. At the very least,
such returns can be compounded to increase your total voting power. So
to better understand staking and reward, it may be helpful to look at
staking from two perspectives:

=== Short-term: NNS rewards each day ===

Every day, rewards are granted by the network to each voting neuron. The
percentage of those rewards received by each neuron depend on the
following factors:

* Amount of ICP staked
* Length of dissolve delay
* "Age" of the neuron (time spent in a non-dissolving state)
* Number of eligible proposals the neuron has voted on

For example, if on a single day the NNS has generated 1000 ICP in total
rewards (see below for more on how this is computed), and there were 10
proposals submitted which only two neurons voted on, and:

* Neuron A has a voting power of 20, and voted on all 10 proposals
* Neuron B has a voting power of 80, and voted on all 10 proposals

Then the 1000 ICP would be divided between these two neurons by their
proportional voting power:

* Neuron A with voting power of 20, gets 20% of the total = 200 ICP
* Neuron B with voting power of 80, gets 80% of the total = 800 ICP

If either neuron had only voted for X% of those 10 proposals, it's
reward would be decreased to X% of its maximum eligibility, with the
remainder distributed among the other neurons.

=== Long-term: NNS rewards over years ===

As of December 2021, here is the long-term NNS rewards curve: https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/circulation

In the first year, the NNS allocates 10% of the total supply to generate
voting rewards. Note the term "allocates" rather than "mints", because
rewards are not minted until they are spawn, merged or the neuron is
disbursed, so total supply is not automatically increased by rewards
alone. This allocation rate drops linearly until it reaches 5% by year
8. Like all parameters in the NNS, the minting rate can be changed via
NNS proposals, but this is the current rate schedule.

Because the total supply of ICP is a dynamic system with deflation and
inflation, it is impossible to predict what voting rewards will be on any
given day or year in the future. It is relatively easy to predict what
the percentage allocation rate will be months from now, but it is much
harder to predict what the total supply will be both because of
potential changes to the rate, and how often stakeholders will mint
their maturity.

=== Inflationary and Deflationary Mechanisms ===

Deflationary mechanisms for ICP:

* Minting cycles to pay for compute and storage burns ICP to create cycles
* Burning of transaction fees
* Burning of the 1 ICP deposit for failed proposals; note that this only happens at disbursement or merging of neurons, so accumulated fees can persist for a while before finally contributing to deflation.

Inflationary mechanisms for ICP:

* Node providers are paid by minting ICP
* Voting rewards are paid by minting ICP, although this minting only happens at the moment rewards are spawned, maturity is merged, or the neuron is disbursed.

=== Network Factors Affecting Annual Percentage Yield ===

When considering potential Annual Percentage Yield (APY) for ICP staked
in a voting neuron, in addition to the primary factors of the dissolve
delay, neuron age, and amount of stake, there are also network factors
that can affect potential yield. Chief among them are:

* The amount of supply allocated each year to pay rewards;
* The total voting power across all neurons, since rewards are divided equally among neurons according to their voting power;
* Inflationary and deflationary pressures: primarily, minting to pay node providers and spawn rewards, burning to fuel canister cycles, and the other factors mentioned in the previous section.

These factors can affect future returns significantly. Firstly, the
amount of supply began at 10% at genesis, but will fall to 5% after the
first eight years. Secondly, as staking becomes more common and there
are better user interfaces to do it, there will naturally be more
competition. If no one else were staking, returns would be astronomical;
but if nearly everyone is staking, returns will be lower.

Economics are always at play, however. If staking is very popular, it
means the amount of liquid supply would reduce, which would drive up
demand and hence prices. So although returns would drop significantly,
price appreciation should offset the loss in income. Conversely, if most
people dissolve their neurons to trade on the open market, price would
likely drop while returns increase. It is reasonable to assume that over
time an equilibrium will be established, where rates and prices
fluctuate in sympathy based on the macro factors driving demand for ICP
tokens.

Introduction to the Internet Computer for dapp users

2022-01-09T20:15:12Z

Jens Groth: /* Fast user experience */

As an end user, you interact with decentralized applications (dapps) running on the Internet Computer. Here is an [[index of dapps on the Internet Computer]] that are available to users.

The Internet Computer was designed to improve the user experience of smart contracts and dapps running on a blockchain. Dapps on the IC are able to serve web content, allowing you to interact with the dapps through your browser. The dapps themselves are run by [[canister smart contracts]] on the IC with the robustness and security guarantees it affords.

== Compared to other blockchains ==
Compared to other smart contract blokchains like Ethereum, the Internet Computer offers the following immediate benefits to dapp users:

=== Direct web experience ===

Smart contracts on the Internet Computer securely serve web content directly to users. This is unique among blockchains since their typical dapps have a small part of the logic running in a smart contract, but the actual consumer-facing web or interface is hosted on a centralized cloud provider (e.g. AWS) instead of being served directly from the blockchain.

Example of the user experience, [https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/post/5/introducing-dscvr-a-platform-that-belongs-to-its DSCVR] is a decentralized social media platform.

=== Users do not pay for access ===

Dapp users on Ethereum typically have to pay for using smart contracts. Besides the high fees, it also means that the users have to install plugins or other software (and pay via tokens). The IC's "canister pays model" means that dapp developers can pay for the storage and compute to create a frictionless user experience.

=== Fast user experience ===
Traditional smart contracts on other blockchains are slow and deliver a poor user experience. That is why many non-IC dapps use non-blockchain technologies for most of their "dapp." The IC's design goal is that developers can build consumer-facing experiences that are as fast as they would expect from centralized servers. Dapp developers on the IC do not need to choose between "smart contracts" and "fast."

[[Internet Computer Performance|Internet Computer performance]] tests shows the IC latency at 200 milliseconds for query calls (reads) and 2 seconds for update calls (writes). As of December 1, 2021, The Internet Computer can handle 250,000 queries per second and 11,000 update calls per second.

=== Internet Identity ===
Users can log in to most dapps on the IC with the [https://identity.ic0.app Internet Identity dapp]. [[Internet Identity]] is a blockchain authentication system that enables you to sign in securely and pseudonymously to dapps on the Internet Computer. This makes logging into dapps much easier and safer for dapp consumers. Besides providing a safer authentication experience, it is a service native to the IC so dapp developers who need authentication systems do not need to build their own.

== Compared to traditional platforms ==

===Decentralization===
Unlike applications hosted on centralized providers dapps on the Internet Computer allow end users to trust their data will be processed as intended.

Internet Computer performance

2022-01-09T20:14:31Z

Jens Groth: Change from "we" to third person

This post describes the DFINITY Foundation's performance evaluation of the Internet Computer. The [https://forum.dfinity.org/t/internet-computer-performance-dec-1-2021-load-testing/9240 current measurements] are from November 2021.

Scalability of the Internet Computer comes from sharding the IC into subnet blockchains. Every subnet blockchain can process update calls (writes) from ingress messages independently from other subnets. The IC can scale up by adding more subnets at the cost of having more network traffic (as applications potentially need to communicate across subnets). In its current form, the IC should be able to scale out to hundreds of subnets.

Query calls (reads) can be processed locally by nodes in a subnet. The response to a query call can therefore have low latency since the query it just needs a response by a single node and does not need inter-node communication or agreement. The more nodes a subnet has, the more query calls it can handle; and the more nodes the IC has, the more query calls it can handle.

== Test setup ==

The experiments were run concurrently against all subnets other than the NNS and some of the most utilized application subnets to avoid disturbance of active IC users.
The IC has a set of boundary nodes that route calls to the core nodes that host the subnets. The experiments sent loads against the subnets directly and are did not route traffic through the boundary nodes. Boundary nodes have additional rate limiting, which is currently set slightly more conservative compared to what the IC can handle and running against the boundary nodes would therefore be unsuitable for performance evaluation.
The experiment targeted all nodes in every subnet concurrently, much the same as what boundary nodes would be doing if we would use them.

The experiment consisted of installing one counter canister in every subnet. This counter canister is essentially a no-op canister. It only maintains a counter, which can be queried via query calls and incremented via update calls. The counter value is not using orthogonal persistence, so the overhead for the execution layer of the IC is minimal. Stressing the counter canister can be seen as a way to determine the system overhead or baseline performance.
== Measurements ==
=== Update calls ===

The Internet Computer can currently sustain more than '''11'000 updates/second''' for a period of four minutes, with peaks over '''11'500 updates/second.'''

The update calls we have been measuring here are triggered from ingress messages sent from outside the IC.

[[File:update-call-performance.png|1024px|Update Call Performance]]

=== Query calls ===
Arguably more important are query calls, since they contribute with more than 90% of the traffic we are observing on the IC.

[[File:query-call-performance.png|1024px|Query Call Performance]]

The Internet Computer can currently process up to '''250'000 queries per second.'''
During the experiment each load is increased incrementally and run for a period of 5 minutes.

== Conclusion and next steps ==

The Internet Computer today already shows impressive performance. On top of that, it should be possible to further scale out the IC using:

* More subnets: This will immediate increase the query and update call throughput. While adding subnets might eventually lead to other scalability problems, the IC in its current shape should be able to support hundreds of subnets.
* Performance improvements: Performance can also be improved by better single machine, network and consensus performance tuning. Increasing the performance by at least an order of magnitude is plausible.

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T19:47:46Z

Jens Groth: /* For ICP token-holders, investors and voters */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[ICP token]]
*[[Staking and Voting|Staking and voting rewards]]
* [[Managing ICP holdings]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-Tos ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorials ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalized. DFINITY is always stylized in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T19:42:20Z

Jens Groth: /* For ICP token-holders, investors and voters */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[ICP token]]
*[[Staking and Voting|Staking and voting rewards]]
* [[Managing ICP holdings]]

* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-Tos ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorials ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalized. DFINITY is always stylized in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T19:40:41Z

Jens Groth: /* For ICP token-holders, investors and voters */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[ICP token]]
*[[Staking and Voting]]
* [[Managing ICP holdings]]

* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-Tos ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorials ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalized. DFINITY is always stylized in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T15:46:54Z

Jens Groth: /* For ICP token-holders, investors and voters */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[ICP token]]
*[[Staking and earning interest in the form of voting rewards]]
* [[Managing ICP holdings]]

* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-Tos ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorials ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalized. DFINITY is always stylized in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T15:25:06Z

Jens Groth:

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[Managing ICP holdings]]

* [[ICP token]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-Tos ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorials ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalized. DFINITY is always stylized in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T15:23:49Z

Jens Groth:

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[Managing ICP holdings]]

* [[ICP token]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-Tos ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorials ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalised. DFINITY is always stylised in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Introduction to the Internet Computer for dapp users

2022-01-09T15:14:23Z

Jens Groth:

As an end user, you interact with decentralized applications (dapps) running on the Internet Computer. Here is an [[index of dapps on the Internet Computer]] that are available to users.

The Internet Computer was designed to improve the user experience of smart contracts and dapps running on a blockchain. Dapps on the IC are able to serve web content, allowing you to interact with the dapps through your browser. The dapps themselves are run by [[canister smart contracts]] on the IC with the robustness and security guarantees it affords.

== Compared to other blockchains ==
Compared to other smart contract blokchains like Ethereum, the Internet Computer offers the following immediate benefits to dapp users:

=== Direct web experience ===

Smart contracts on the Internet Computer securely serve web content directly to users. This is unique among blockchains since their typical dapps have a small part of the logic running in a smart contract, but the actual consumer-facing web or interface is hosted on a centralized cloud provider (e.g. AWS) instead of being served directly from the blockchain.

Example of the user experience, [https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/post/5/introducing-dscvr-a-platform-that-belongs-to-its DSCVR] is a decentralized social media platform.

=== Users do not pay for access ===

Dapp users on Ethereum typically have to pay for using smart contracts. Besides the high fees, it also means that the users have to install plugins or other software (and pay via tokens). The IC's "canister pays model" means that dapp developers can pay for the storage and compute to create a frictionless user experience.

=== Fast user experience ===
Traditional smart contracts on other blockchains are slow and deliver a poor user experience. That is why many non-IC dapps use non-blockchain technologies for most of their "dapp." The IC's design goal is that developers can build consumer-facing experiences that are as fast as they would expect from centralized servers. Dapp developers on the IC do not need to choose between "smart contracts" and "fast."

[[Internet Computer Performance|Internet Computer performance]] tests shows the IC latency at 200 milliseconds for query calls (reads) and 2 seconds for update calls (writes). As of December 1, 2021, The Internet Computer can handle 250,000 queries per second and 11,500 update calls per second.

=== Internet Identity ===
Users can log in to most dapps on the IC with the [https://identity.ic0.app Internet Identity dapp]. [[Internet Identity]] is a blockchain authentication system that enables you to sign in securely and pseudonymously to dapps on the Internet Computer. This makes logging into dapps much easier and safer for dapp consumers. Besides providing a safer authentication experience, it is a service native to the IC so dapp developers who need authentication systems do not need to build their own.

== Compared to traditional platforms ==

===Decentralization===
Unlike applications hosted on centralized providers dapps on the Internet Computer allow end users to trust their data will be processed as intended.

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T15:13:50Z

Jens Groth: Rearranged headings

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== For end users ==
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

== For ICP token-holders, investors and voters ==

* [[Managing ICP holdings]]

* [[ICP token]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

== For dapp developers ==

* [https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]

* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

== For the curious, researchers and blockchain enthusiasts ==
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-To section ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorial section ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributing to the wiki ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalization. Most words in titles should be capitalised. DFINITY is always stylised in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources|Localize MediaWiki for your language]]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Introduction to the Internet Computer for dapp users

2022-01-09T14:51:05Z

Jens Groth:

As an end user, you interact with decentralized applications (dapps) running on the Internet Computer. This wiki maintains an [[index of dapps on the Internet Computer]] that are available to users.

The Internet Computer was designed to improve the user experience of smart contracts and dapps running on a blockchain. Dapps on the IC are able to serve web content, allowing you to interact with the dapps through your browser. The dapps themselves are run by [[canister smart contracts]] on the IC with the robustness and security guarantees it affords.

== Compared to other blockchains ==
Compared to other smart contract blokchains like Ethereum, the Internet Computer offers the following immediate benefits to dapp users:

=== Direct web experience ===

Smart contracts on the Internet Computer securely serve web content directly to users. This is unique among blockchains since their typical dapps have a small part of the logic running in a smart contract, but the actual consumer-facing web or interface is hosted on a centralized cloud provider (e.g. AWS) instead of being served directly from the blockchain.

Example of the user experience, [https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/post/5/introducing-dscvr-a-platform-that-belongs-to-its DSCVR] is a decentralized social media platform.

=== Users do not pay for access ===

Dapp users on Ethereum typically have to pay for using smart contracts. Besides the high fees, it also means that the users have to install plugins or other software (and pay via tokens). The IC's "canister pays model" means that dapp developers can pay for the storage and compute to create a frictionless user experience.

=== Fast user experience ===
Traditional smart contracts on other blockchains are slow and deliver a poor user experience. That is why many non-IC dapps use non-blockchain technologies for most of their "dapp." The IC's design goal is that developers can build consumer-facing experiences that are as fast as they would expect from centralized servers. Dapp developers on the IC do not need to choose between "smart contracts" and "fast."

[[Internet Computer Performance|Internet Computer performance]] tests shows the IC latency at 200 milliseconds for query calls (reads) and 2 seconds for update calls (writes). As of December 1, 2021, The Internet Computer can handle 250,000 queries per second and 11,500 update calls per second.

=== Internet Identity ===
Users can log in to most dapps on the IC with the [https://identity.ic0.app Internet Identity dapp]. [[Internet Identity]] is a blockchain authentication system that enables you to sign in securely and pseudonymously to dapps on the Internet Computer. This makes logging into dapps much easier and safer for dapp consumers. Besides providing a safer authentication experience, it is a service native to the IC so dapp developers who need authentication systems do not need to build their own.

== Compared to traditional platforms ==

===Decentralization===
Unlike applications hosted on centralized providers dapps on the Internet Computer allow end users to trust their data will be processed as intended.

Introduction to the Internet Computer for dapp users

2022-01-09T10:19:45Z

Jens Groth: Added some context about what a dapp is. Replaced Motoko for DSCVR to give a simpler user interface example.

As an end user, you can use many decentralized applications (dapps) on the Internet Computer, see the [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]. The Internet Computer was designed to improve the user experience of smart contracts and dapps running on a blockchain. Dapps on the IC are able to serve web content, allowing you to interact with the dapps through your browser. The dapps themselves are run by canister smart contracts on the IC with the robustness and security guarantees it affords.

== Compared to other blockchains ==
Compared to other smart contract blokchains like Ethereum, the Internet Computer offers the following immediate benefits to dapp users:

=== Direct web experience ===

Smart contracts on the Internet Computer securely serve web content directly to users. This is unique among blockchains since their typical dapps have a small part of the logic running in a smart contract, but the actual consumer-facing web or interface is hosted on a centralized cloud provider (e.g. AWS) instead of being served directly from the blockchain.

Example of the user experience, [https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/post/5/introducing-dscvr-a-platform-that-belongs-to-its DSCVR] is a decentralized social media platform.

=== Users do not pay for access ===

Dapp users on Ethereum typically have to pay for using smart contracts. Besides the high fees, it also means that the users have to install plugins or other software (and pay via tokens). The IC's "canister pays model" means that dapp developers can pay for the storage and compute to create a frictionless user experience.

=== Fast user experience ===
Traditional smart contracts are slow and deliver a poor user experience. That is why many dapp developers often use non-blockchain technologies for most of their "dapp." The IC's design goal is that developers can build consumer-facing experiences that are as fast as they would expect from centralized servers. Dapp developers do not need to choose between "smart contracts" and "fast."

From a blockchain POV, [[Internet Computer Performance]] performance tests shows the IC latency at 200 milliseconds for query calls (reads) and 2 seconds for update calls (writes). As of December 1, 2021, The Internet Computer can handle 250,000 queries per second and 11,500 update calls per second.

=== Internet Identity ===
[[Internet Identity]] is a blockchain authentication system that enables you to sign in securely and anonymously to dapps on the Internet Computer. This makes logging into dapps much easier and safer for dapp consumers. Besides providing a safer authentication experience, it is a service native to the IC so dapp developers who need authentication systems do not need to build their own.

== Compared to traditional platforms ==

===Decentralization===
Unlike applications hosted on centralized providers dapps on the Internet Computer allow end users to trust their data will be processed as intended.

Internet Computer wiki

2022-01-09T09:19:56Z

Jens Groth: Fixed capitalization of sections

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki!

Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

== Introduction ==
* [[Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]

== Ecosystem ==

=== For Dapp Users ===
* [[Intro for dapp users]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]

=== For ICP Token-holders ===
* [[Managing ICP holdings]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Network Nervous System]]

=== For Dapp Developers ===
* [[https://smartcontracts.org/ Developer documentation]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Current limitations of the IC]]
* [[Neuron Attributes and Commands]]

=== For Computer Scientists and Blockchain enthusiasts ===
* [https://dfinity.org/howitworks/ How the Internet Computer Works]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]

== Core Protocol Research & Development ==
* [[DFINITY Foundation]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-To section ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorial section ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributors ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalisation. Most words in titles should be capitalised. DFINITY is always stylised in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

Index of dapps on the Internet Computer ecosystem

2022-01-09T09:18:17Z

Jens Groth: Correct spelling of NNS frontend dapp

= Index of Dapps on the Internet Computer =

This Wiki Page is a mirror of [https://zire.github.io/awesome-IC/ The Awesome IC Repository]

[[File:Logo.jpg|thumb]]

* Essential (<code>3</code>)
* Wallet (<code>5</code>)
* Tools (<code>26</code>)
* Motoko (<code>4</code>)
* DeFi (<code>13</code>)
* NFT (<code>42</code>)
* Social (<code>11</code>)
* Games (<code>10</code>)
* Metaverse (<code>3</code>)
* Productivity (<code>12</code>)
* Communities (<code>3</code>)
* Enterprise (<code>9</code>)

This page tries to capture key info for each project, including its tag line, IC URL, Twitter, Discord, Telegram, Github repo and the team behind. For those projects with Twitter handles, they can also be found at:

<blockquote>[https://twitter.com/i/lists/1443165233510436868 IC Projects - All@Twitter]
</blockquote>
This list includes all the projects from [https://dfinity.org/showcase/ DFINITY Showcase] but is a lot more than that. It tries to index all the known IC dApps. Some of those projects have received [https://dfinity.org/grants/ developer grants from the DFINITY Foundation]. Some of them may not have been deployed on IC yet - though the expectation is that they are working toward that. It does not include IC communities, media or development teams per se (though they'll be included under the "project" section). All info is obtained from public channels.

The projects indexed on this list cover a wide spectrum on quality, maturity and tech deployment. Some of them have already received venture funding from established crypto funds; some of them are taking full advantage of Internet Computer (IC)'s unique technical strengths; some of them are using IC as a backend infrastructure in liew of AWS/GCP, and some of them are porting an existing Polkadot/Filecoin application to IC. The inclusion of a project (or lack of) does not speak to the quality of it. That judgment is left to the community and all IC advocates. This is just a directory that helps everyone do scavenger hunt on IC.

If you find an IC dApp is still missing from this page, please [https://github.com/zire/awesome-IC send a PR to its Github repo] so that I can merge, or [https://twitter.com/herbertyang DM me on Twitter], or [mailto:%20herbert.yang@dfinity.org?subject=More%20dApp%20on%20Awesome%20IC send me an email]. Suggestions on how to make this site more useful to the community are very welcome. Many thanks.

'''DISCLAIMER''': >This '''<code>Awesome Internet Computer</code>''' is a community project by IC volunteer(s). It's merely an index/directory, and does not represent official endorsement (or lack of) from the DFINITY Foundation in any fashion. Nothing from this site shall be treated as financial advice. Please do your own research if you need to use any services listed below.

== Essential (3) ==

'''ICA Network Status'''

* What: Real-time dashboard of key metrics on the Internet Computer
* Where: https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/
* Who: [https://internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer Association]

'''Internet Identity'''

* What: Internet Identity guarantees that your data isn’t visible, tracked, or mined. The blockchain authentication system enables users to sign in to dapps on the Internet Computer and sites across the web anonymously and securely.
* Where: https://identity.ic0.app/
* Who: [https://dfinity.org DFINITY Foundation]

'''NNS Frontend Dapp'''

* What: The NNS frontend dapp allows anyone to interact with the Internet Computer's Network Nervous System with a user-friendly UI. Served completely end-to-end through blockchain, this dapp allows you to manage ICP, stake neurons, participate in voting, and earn rewards.
* Where: https://nns.ic0.app/
* Who: [https://dfinity.org DFINITY Foundation]

== Wallet (5) ==

'''ICWallet'''

* What: Your gateway to Dfinity ecosystem
* Where: https://icwallet.org/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icwallet
* Who: https://icwallet.gitbook.io/icwallet/team
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DqCeHU8rem

'''DFWallet'''

* What: a decentralized smart wallet on Internet Computer
* Where: https://dfwallet.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/DFWallet
* Telegram: https://t.me/df_wallet

'''Plug'''

* What: A browser extension that allows you to access your ICP, Cycles and other tokens
* Where: https://plugwallet.ooo/
* Who: [https://fleek.co/ fleek]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/plug_wallet
* Discord: https://discord.gg/yVEcEzmrgm

'''Stoic Wallet'''

* What: It allows anyone to create a digital wallet, authenticating users through a variety of methods.
* Where: https://www.stoicwallet.com/
* Who: [https://igpeu-waaaa-aaaad-qaava-cai.raw.ic0.app/ Toniq Labs]
* Github: https://github.com/Toniq-Labs/stoic-wallet

'''Earth Wallet'''

* What: The open-source wallet allows users to participate in DeFi, Governance, and Treasury (DAO) protocols with negligible fees and faster transaction settlement than legacy wallets.
* Where: https://www.earthwallet.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/earthwallet
* Discord: https://discord.gg/B8G75XZ92K
* Telegram: https://t.me/earthwallet
* Github: https://github.com/earth-association

== Tools (26) ==

'''AstroX'''

* What: AstroX is a blockchain development group focused on building tools for the Web3.0 ecosystem. AstroX has developed a Dart agent and other tools to help support mobile application development on the Internet Computer blockchain.
* Where: https://astrox.medium.com/
* Who: FireStack Labs
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/Astrox_Network
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/Ky78nq4Nag
* Github: https://github.com/AstroxNetwork

'''Axon'''

* What: A community-built neuron management solution for the Internet Computer. Multiple users can own an Axon that manages multiple neurons within the Network Nervous System, as well as delegate votes to other neurons to vote on proposals. Axon is a multi-user, multi-neuron management canister smart contract.
* Where: https://axon.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/axon_ooo
* Github: https://github.com/FloorLamp/axon

'''B9 Labs'''

* What: Better developer onboarding and documentation on IC
* Where: https://b9lab.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/b9lab
* DFINITY Grant: received in August 2021

'''Canlista'''

* What: The Internet Computer community canister registry. Find, publish and extend applications and services built on the Internet Computer. Log in with Internet Identity.
* Where: https://k7gat-daaaa-aaaae-qaahq-cai.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/canlista_io

'''Canistore'''

* What: Next-gen #SocialStore powered by @DFINITY, empowered by community
* Where: https://canistore.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/canistore
* Telegram: https://t.me/canistore
* Medium: [https://medium.com/@canistore](https://medium.com/@canistore)

'''CAP'''

* What: an open internet service providing transaction history & asset provenance for NFT’s & Tokens on the Internet Computer
* Where: https://cap.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/cap_ois
* Discord: https://discord.gg/psychedelic

'''ChainIDE'''

* What: a cloud-based multi-chain IDE
* Where: https://chainide.com/
* Who: [https://whitematrix.io/ White Matrix] and https://twitter.com/MatrixDapp
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChainIde
* Medium: https://t.co/ODqRqGNUoG?amp=1
* Github: https://github.com/WhiteMatrixTech
* DFINITY Grant: received in May 2021

'''Cover'''

* What: an open internet service that can be used by developers to verify and prove that a canister's code matches the open source code. Reducing the risk of malicious apps & increasing transparency and trust.
* Where: https://covercode.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/cover_ois
* Discord: https://discord.gg/yVEcEzmrgm
* Github: https://github.com/psychedelic/cover

'''Create IC'''

* What: Modern frontend templates for the Internet Computer with everything working out of the box. Powered by ViteJS
* Where: https://create-ic.app/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/miamaruq Mio Q]
* Github: https://github.com/MioQuispe/create-ic-app/

'''DAB'''

* What: DAB provides seamless access to #InternetComputer data that many apps/UI's need to surface. Such as lists of NFT's, tokens, canister/Dapp metadata, and more.
* Where: https://dab.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/dab_ooo
* Doc: https://docs.dab.ooo/

'''DFINITY Explorer'''

* What: DFINITY Explorer, a project started in 2018, is an open-source, community-built dashboard and explorer for the Internet Computer, providing live information and statistics about the network, governance, and the ICP utility token, including account and transaction information.
* Where: https://www.dfinityexplorer.org/#/
* Who: [https://github.com/dylancm4 Dylan Miller]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/dfinityexplorer
* Github: https://github.com/dfinityexplorer/dfinityexplorer-dashboard

'''DFINITY Java Agent'''

* What: Dfinity Java Agent is a set of native Java libriaries to connect remotely to the Internet Computer applications
* Github: https://github.com/rdobrik/dfinity-agent
* Who: [https://github.com/rdobrik Roman]

'''DFT - Dfinity Fungible Token Standard'''

* What: Token standard will help Dfinity ecological developers adopt the same standard and promote the prosperity of the Dfinity ecosystem
* Where: https://dft.delandlabs.com/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/DelandLabs Deland Labs]

'''Dfinity Tutorials'''

* What: Chinese tutorials that teach you how to build on IC
* Where: https://icplabs.gitbook.io/dfinitytutorials/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/ICP_Labs ICP Labs]

'''Dstar'''

* What: a marketplace that facilitates listing, buying and selling of your Internet Identity ("II") accounts
* Where:
** https://ii.dstar.app
** https://yunqk-aqaaa-aaaai-qawva-cai.ic0.app/
* Github: https://github.com/ic-dstar/

'''EXT Token Tool'''

* What: EXT is a token standard that we built on the IC, modelled after Ethereum's ERC1155 standard
* Where: https://k6exx-uqaaa-aaaah-qadba-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Who:[https://twitter.com/toniqlabs Toniq Labs]

'''Fleek'''

* What: Fleek brings decentralized web-hosting to the Internet Computer. With thousands of webpages deployed, Fleek enables anyone to deploy their content on Web3.0
* Where: https://fleek.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/fleek_ois
* Discord: https://discord.gg/yVEcEzmrgm
* Github: https://github.com/FleekHQ

'''ICLight.house'''

* What: A standard interface for Dfinity tokens. The standard complies with ERC20 interface specification, and has some improvements to match IC network features
* Where: https://iclight.house/login
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICLighthouse
* Github: https://github.com/iclighthouse/DRC_standards

'''ICME'''

* What: ICME is a no-code tool that makes it easy for anyone to build and deploy beautiful websites on the Internet Computer. Launch your blog or business's website on the Internet Computer today.
* Where: https://sygsn-caaaa-aaaaf-qaahq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icme_app

'''ICP Neuron Calculator'''

* What: The Network Nervous System Calculator is a calculator that allows anyone to edit variables and estimate voting rewards based on number of proposals voted on, length of stake, accumulated maturity, and more.
* Where: https://networknervoussystem.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/NNSystem
* Newsletter: https://allthingsinternetcomputer.substack.com/

'''ICP Scan'''

* What: A scanner and dashboard tool for IC ecosystem to discover ICP projects and track key statistics
* Where: https://sznps-4aaaa-aaaah-qab2a-cai.ic0.app/project
* Who: [https://twitter.com/NnsDaos NnsDAO]

'''IC Rocks'''

* What: IC.Rocks is a complete "block explorer" for the Internet Computer – built by the community. Tracking everything from transactions, to network upgrades, to cycles, IC.Rocks enables anyone to explore the inner-workings of the Internet Computer.
* Where: https://ic.rocks/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/floatfloatboat Norton Wang]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ic_rocks

'''Pocket 4D'''

* What: A framework container runs Mini-Apps or Mini-Programs, using enhanced Canister of cross-platform.
* Who: [https://twitter.com/ghostcorn Michael So] and the team
* Github: https://github.com/Pocket4D/Pocket4D-Wiki

'''Sudograph'''

* What: Sudograph is a GraphQL database for the Internet Computer. Its goal is to become the simplest way to develop applications for the IC by providing flexibility and out-of-the-box data management.
* Where: https://i67uk-hiaaa-aaaae-qaaka-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/lastmjs
* Github: https://github.com/sudograph/sudograph

'''Usergeek'''

* What: the first decentralised product analytics tool built on the DFINITY Internet Computer
* Where: https://fbbjb-oyaaa-aaaah-qaojq-cai.raw.ic0.app/#/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/theUSERGEEK
* Discord: https://discord.gg/CvTpv2TeKs

'''The Wall'''

* What: The Wall is a dapp built on the Internet Computer blockchain, which blends Ethereum's MetaMask authentication with the Internet Computer's native Internet Identity blockchain authentication system. This first example of ETH x ICP allows users to leave any message on the wall for all eternity.
* Where: https://rivyl-6aaaa-aaaaf-qaapq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Github: https://github.com/kristoferlund/ic-wall
* Who: [https://twitter.com/kristoferlund Kristofer Lund]

== Motoko (4) ==

'''Block.'''

* What: A virtual editor for Motoko

'''Motoko Playground'''

* What: The Motoko Playground is an IDE for developers to learn Motoko – the native language for the Internet Computer blockchain. Deploy canister smart contracts for free, directly within a browser, without needing to download an SDK or set up a wallet.
* Where: https://m7sm4-2iaaa-aaaab-qabra-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Who: [https://forum.dfinity.org/u/chenyan/ Chen Yan]

'''Matoko School'''

* What: Motoko School is the first public school for the Metaverse, only on the Internet Computer
* Where: [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS2Y9oRMpBfVqAnChFoXepg Mototko School on Youtube]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/MotokoSchool

'''Motoko Library'''

* What: An awesome list of Motoko code and resources curated by the community.
* Where: https://github.com/motoko-unofficial/awesome-motoko

== DeFi (13) ==

'''Bauction'''

* What: Bauction will empower the online auction and tender for retail as well as enterprises customer is decentralized and transparent manner. By leveraging technology stack of ICP, we want it to be self governed self driven auction platform.
* Where: https://bauction.org/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/bauctionorg
* DFINITY Grant: received in July 2021

'''CetoSwap'''

* What: CetoSwap ∞ is a fungible and non-fungible asset management platform base on #Dfinity
* Where: https://ijnlb-jiaaa-aaaah-qaesa-cai.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/CetoSwap
* Medium: https://cetoswap.medium.com/

'''Dank'''

* What: Dank is the first Decentralized Bank built on the Internet Computer, developed by Fleek. Through a collection of Open Internet Services for users and developers, Dank makes cycles management seamless.
* Where: https://dank.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/dank_ois
* Discord: https://discord.gg/yVEcEzmrgm

'''EnsoFinance'''

* What: Discover and create open DeFi metastrategies
* Where: https://www.enso.finance/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/EnsoFinance
* Discord: https://discord.gg/y48Yp6Y4QX

'''iBridge'''

* What: #DeFi Protocol for #Crosschain Assets Based on #Dfinity
* Where: https://www.ibridge.pro/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/iBridge_Labs
* Github: https://github.com/iBridge-up
* Medium: [https://medium.com/@ibridge_labs](https://medium.com/@ibridge_labs)

'''ICPSwap'''

* What: ICPSwap is decentralized exchange (DEX) built completely end-to-end on-chain. By building the ability for anyone to swap tokens through ICPSwap leveraging the Internet Computer blockchain as the high-speed, scalable, low-cost infrastructure makes ICPSwap a first-to-market in the growing Internet Computer DeFi ecosystem.
* Where:
** https://3pbcj-viaaa-aaaah-qaajq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
** https://twitter.com/ICPSwap
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICPSwap
* Telegram: https://t.me/ICPSwap_Official
* Medium: https://icpswap.medium.com/
* DSCVR: https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/p/icpswap
* Github:https://iloveics.gitbook.io/icpswap/

'''InfinitySwap'''

* What: A platform to create, stake and swap Dfinity Tokens
* Where: https://infinityswap.one/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/infinity_swap
* Telegram: https://t.me/infinityswapofficial

'''Liquid ICP'''

* What: Liquid ICP is world's first s-Bridge where bridged and staked assets remain liquid. Fractional reserve is governed by Liquid ICP community and ensures immediate withdrawal of ICP coins at any given time.
* Where: https://www.icp-20.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/LiquidICP
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/3F8CYyPpHq
* Github: https://docs.icp-20.com/

'''RFL'''

* What: Random Fair Lottery on IC
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/RFL_app

'''Sailfish'''

* What: The gateway to open financial services on the Internet Computer
* Where: https://sailfish.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/Sailfishapp
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/7Wbqucc

'''Sonic'''

* What: Swap tokens, earn fees as a liquidity provider, & build on the Internet Computer’s AMM
* Where: https://sonic.ooo/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/sonic_ooo
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/EkmnRd99h6

'''SupraOracles'''

* What: Bridging real-world data to automate, simplify, and secure the #smartcontracts of financial markets
* Where: https://www.supraoracles.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/SupraOracles
* Telegram: https://t.me/supraoracles

'''Uniswap Front End on the IC'''

* What: Uniswap front end hosted on the Internet Computer through Fleek. Showing how traditional DeFi solutions can now be hosted completely on-chain by using the Internet Computer blockchain. Another use case of completely decentralizing a service which currently has a centralized front end.
* Where: https://lqku6-wqaaa-aaaad-qalmq-cai.ic.fleek.co/#/swap
* Who: [https://fleek.co/ fleek]

== NFT (42) ==

'''Crowd Created Canvas (CCC)'''*

* What: CCC is the first-ever collectible, collaborative pixel artwork created by the #Dfinity community, sharing bonus pool and getting NFT.
* Where: https://sdnoa-fiaaa-aaaah-aaubq-cai.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/CCCProtocol

'''Cronic NFTs'''

* What: Cronics play-to-earn ecosystem on the $ICP blockchain. Trade Cronic Critters and accessories on @EntrepotApp
* Where: https://cronic.toniqlabs.com/
* Who: [https://igpeu-waaaa-aaaad-qaava-cai.raw.ic0.app/ Toniq Labs]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/CronicsP2E
* Telegram: https://t.me/cronic_talk

'''cubic'''

* What: Cubic is a generative art project. Data such as ownership history and transaction history are used in different ways to generate unique canvases in a variety of styles.
* Where: https://cubic.place/
* Github: https://github.com/FloorLamp/cubic
* Telegram: https://t.me/cubicplace

'''CYMAN'''

* What: 10,000 Randomly generated cybernetic humanoid's from 550,000,000 BCE built on the Internet Computer
* Where: https://www.cyman.live/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/cyman_live
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/cyman

'''IC Ape Ventures'''

* What: 10,000 Unique Apes are getting ready to take their first steps in to the #ICP ecosystem
* Where: https://icapeventures.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICApeVentures
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/icapeventures

'''ICKitties'''

* What: 10,000 8-bit kitties on IC
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICKitties
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/r2c4TTr4un

'''ICPets | Infinity Pets'''

* What: 11,111 of Infinity Pets 🐧 | Community Gain Focused NFT collection living on #ICP Blockchain
* Where: https://icpets.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icpets_nft
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/nD9HqPQ7

'''IC Photographers'''

* What: At IC photographers, the aim is to bring both creator and collector together. We endeavour to show talented artists to the collectors of photography NFT’s.
* Where: https://www.icphotographers.com/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/olisav Oli]

'''ICPics'''

* What: An NFT collection of 1,000 pieces of trival artwork on IC
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ethnICPic
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/gauQWrV2b4

'''ICPrime8s'''

* What: 5 releases of Prime8 focused, randomly generated NFTs on the Internet Computer
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICPrime8s

'''ICPumpkin NFT'''

* What: NFT pumpkins for Halloween on IC
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICPumpkin

'''Dfinity Bulls NFT'''

* What: 8,888 Awesome Badass Bulls will ever be minted! Exclusively on ICP!
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/DBulls_NFT
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/GBSNhYeGxh

'''DfinityNFT'''

* What: The Cryptogarden of The Internet Computer. NFT cross-chain aggregator of The Internet Computer.
* Where: http://dfinitynft.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/DfinityNFT
* DFINITY Grant: received in July 2021

'''Exponent'''

* What: The Exponent Platform is a complete Layer1 DeFi solution running on DFINITY's Internet Computer. Our platform is made from a number of our token standard, SDK and protocols.
* Who: [https://igpeu-waaaa-aaaad-qaava-cai.raw.ic0.app/ Toniq Labs]
* Discord: https://t.co/9iDZBX35mg?amp=1
* Github: https://github.com/Toniq-Labs/exponent

'''Entrepot NFT Marketplace'''

* What: Entrepot is a decentralized NFT marketplace developed by ToniqLabs, the creators behind Rise of the Magni, Stoic Wallet, Cronic NFTs, and Exponent. Entrepot (through Exponent) provides users with tools and on-chain services to design, deploy, and manage NFTs and traditional tokens.
* Where: https://entrepot.app/
* Who: [https://igpeu-waaaa-aaaad-qaava-cai.raw.ic0.app/ Toniq Labs]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/EntrepotApp
* Discord: https://discord.gg/toniqlabs
* Github: https://github.com/Toniq-Labs/exponent

'''Fantosaurs'''

* What: Raptors from Isla NOOblar, currently on Eth, but hosted on IC
* Where:
** https://fantosaur.io/
** https://j5h4x-gyaaa-aaaad-qayjq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/fantosaurs
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/e7bec4rm

'''Fungible Token Standard by Deland'''

* What: Fungible token standard by Deland
* Where: https://github.com/Deland-Labs/dfinity-fungible-token-standard
* Who: [https://deland.one/ Deland Labs]
* Medium: [https://medium.com/@DelandLabs](https://medium.com/@DelandLabs)
* Discord: https://discord.gg/CdzzUaFUXq
* DFINITY Grant: received in August, 2021

'''Haunted Hamsters'''

* What: NFT set of 6,666 haunted hamsters, spooking on DFINITY ICP
* Where: http://www.hauntedhamsters.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/HauntedHamsters
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/DtSF7SGK

'''IC3D'''

* What: Cool 3D NFTs on the Internet Computer - IC 3D NFT
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/IC3DNFT
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/ic3dnft

'''IC Canvas'''

* What: a collaborative NFT
* Where: https://rdbii-uiaaa-aaaab-qadva-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/kylpeacock Kyle Peacock]

'''IC Cards'''

* What: IC Cards is an NFT-based game on the IC Protocol. Gather, craft, level, and prepare yourself for a world full of monsters and villains.
* Where:
** [[ic.cards|ic.cards]]
** https://tbhsl-lqaaa-aaaaj-qagzq-cai.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ic_cards

'''ICelebrity'''

* What: 100 Uniquely Minted handmade artistic representation of the people we know and love!
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICelebrityNFT
* Discord: [[discord.gg/AZFq4QMYBx|discord.gg/AZFq4QMYBx]]

'''IC Gallery'''

* What: Home of the Metaverse. 9999 unique 3D Moonwalker NFTs
* Where: https://gan2q-ciaaa-aaaai-aanoq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/CipherProxyLLC Cipher Proxy]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ic_gallery
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/6VWZNzskPA

'''ICircle NFT'''

* What: 8888 Generative Art NFTs Launch Soon in #InternetComputer | Math + Art = Beautiful
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icircle_nft
* Discord: https://discord.io/ICircle_NFT

'''ICP Art'''

* What: Exclusive Hand-Crafted Art Collections
* Where: https://linktr.ee/ICPArt
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICP_Art

'''ICP Squad'''

* What: First Engage To Earn #NFTs Game. Powered by @dfinity
* Where: https://upf6d-saaaa-aaaah-aauwa-cai.ic0.app/#/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICPSquadNFT
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/icpsquad

'''ICPunks'''

* What: 10,000 randomly generated, unique collectible clowns with proof of ownership stored on the Internet Computer blockchain. Created as a reference to a meme comparing the Internet Computer token (ICP) with the Insane Clown Posse - an American hip hop duo founded in 1989.
* Where: https://icpunks.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICPunks
* Who: [https://github.com/stopak stopak] and [https://github.com/przchojecki Przemyslaw Chojecki]
* Github: https://github.com/stopak/ICPunks/tree/dev
* Discord: https://discord.gg/m8QWD7m62h

'''ICPuppies'''

* What: ICPuppies is an NFT project hosted completely on the Internet Computer. In October, 10,000 randomly generated NFTs will be available for members of the Internet Computer community to claim through the Entrepot.app marketplace. A portion of the proceeds will be donated to organizations that support puppies.
* Where: https://icpuppies.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICPuppies
* Discord: http://discord.gg/A3rmDSjBaJ

'''ICSnakes'''

* What: A collection of 10,000 randomly generated NFTs on #ICP blockchain hunting for food.
* Where: https://xn--4n8h7h.ws/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICSnakes
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/H9YUpwVrkQ

'''IC Turtles'''

* What: Customizable and breedable NFTS, powered by GameFi and P2E, dropping with accessories included
* Twitter:https://twitter.com/ic_turtles
* Discord:https://discord.com/invite/n77xjyspDR

'''Inferval Vampire Colony'''

* What: 666 randomly generated Vampires on the Internet Computer
* Where: https://www.infernalvampires.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/IVCNFT
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/mA5cXdAtwe

'''Infinite Charity Project'''

* What: A nonprofit corporation and charitable org providing non-commercial fundraising for 501(c)3 charities
* Where: https://chimps.icproject.org/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icproject_nft

'''Internet Astronauts'''

* What: Internet Astronauts are a set of 10,000 limited edition, uniquely minted astronaut-themed NFTs. These end-to-end on-chain NFTs will be up for grabs to the community through the Entrepot.app marketplace. They are only possible through the Internet Computer blockchain.
* Where: https://interastrosc.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/interastrosc

'''Meme Cake'''

* What: The Cake Club is a collection of 7777 Dick NFTs unique digital collectible living on the Internet computer, made by Meme Cake, which claims to be the world's first decentralized comedy platform. Think of it as a 9GAG but decentralized.
* Where: https://memecake.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/realmemecake
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/vr2ATGMdug

'''Newsie'''

* What: Comic Book and NFT Collection On The Internet Computer
* Where: https://gh2ig-jqaaa-aaaai-aaslq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/NewsieCartoon

'''NFT Studio'''

* What: NFT Studio allows users to Mint, Buy, Sell and Stake 3DWASM NFTs on the Internet Computer
* Where: https://7xw5z-uqaaa-aaaad-qaqcq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/NFTStudioPoland
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/65P4NzzSQx

'''NFT Village'''

* What: Look up the attributes, NRI %, rarity, and other information about Internet Computer NFTs. Simply input the URL of your ICPunks and Cronics NFTs or any other NFT minted on the Internet Computer blockchain and learn all of the details that make the NFT unique.
* Where:
** http://nftvillage.ai/
** https://nntkg-vqaaa-aaaad-qamfa-cai.ic.fleek.co/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/NFT_Village

'''Pokded Studio BOTS'''

* What: A collection of 10,000 individual ROBOTS
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/pokedstudiouk
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/PokedStudioNFT

'''PORTAL'''

* What: A Streamers Marketplace Powered by the #InternetComputer
* Where: https://ja7sy-daaaa-aaaai-qaguq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/PortalDapp
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/FSSauMNrbS

'''The Sword NFT'''

* What: #ICP exclusive. Follow for updates and airdrop information. Series 1: Little Ninjas. Only 10K Unique Ninjas will be Minted, ever.
* Where: https://theswordnft.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheSwordNft
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/Xgc5zTrdSb

'''Wild and West NFT'''

* What: A wild west themed NFT project
* Where: https://wildandwest.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/WildandWestNFT
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/wildandwest

'''Yolo Octopus'''

* What: a collection of 8888 intelligently generated NFTs on the Internet Computer blockchain
* Where: http://www.enteryoloclub.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/EnterYoloClub

== Social (11) ==

'''crowdEats'''

* What: Yelp on IC, owned by users
* Where: https://www.crowdeats.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/crowdeats_io
* Discord: https://discord.gg/Cmm7N9pqsK

'''DSCVR'''

* What: DSCVR is a decentralized version of Reddit, where users are the owners. Decentralized end-to-end, built on the Internet Computer, and accessible from any browser.
* Where: https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/DscvrO

'''Distrikt'''

* What: Distrikt is a completely decentralized, community-owned professional network. Users of the platform will vote on upgrades, and no user data will ever be mined or sold. Create your account, secured by Internet Identity today.
* Team:
** https://distrikt.io
** https://c7fao-laaaa-aaaae-aaa4q-cai.ic0.app/
* Dapp:
** https://distrikt.app
** https://az5sd-cqaaa-aaaae-aaarq-cai.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/DistriktApp
* Telegram: https://t.me/DistriktApp
* Newsletter: https://medium.com/distrikt

'''DSocial'''

* What: Decentralized Youtube on IC
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/DSocialApp

'''ICPMeet'''

* What: a Tinder on ICP
* Where: https://www.icpmeet.com/
* Who: [https://github.com/HelloRickey Rickey]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icpmeet
* DFINITY Grant: received in July 2021

'''Go Bazzinga'''

* What: World's first decentralised "Short-Video X Draft Kings" Social Speculation Platform
* Where: https://gobazzinga.io/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/GoBazzingainc

'''Learned'''

* What: LEARND is a community driven educationnal platform running on Internet Computer. We want to provide a new kind of learning and incentives using crypto assets, community vote using SNS, reward learners AND teachers.
* Where: https://learnd.dedn.eu/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/LEARNDTEAM
* Who: [https://twitter.com/WaffCharlie Charlie Waff]

'''ModClub'''

* What: MODCLUB is a decentralized content moderation platform, it simplifies the moderation process by connecting our community to dApps that need UGC moderation. It has a reputation token economics model.
* Where: https://ljyte-qiaaa-aaaah-qaiva-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/RaheelGovindji Raheel Govindji]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ModclubApp
* Discord: http://discord.gg/8zUrHd46Tf
* Medium: [https://medium.com/@modclub](https://medium.com/@modclub)

'''OpenChat'''

* What: Decentralized messaging has been a pipe-dream for decades. With the advent of the Internet Computer, real-time messaging is now possible on a blockchain.
* Where: https://oc.app
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/OpenChat

'''Overchute'''

* What: A decentralized smart-contract application for crowdfunding the release of intellectual property under open licences
* Where: https://overchute.com/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/OverchuteApp
* Github: https://github.com/Overchute

'''Party Board'''

* What: Multi-chain metaverse social network
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/party_board
* Telegram: https://t.me/partyboard_en
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/kewhcJM4uf

== Games (10) ==

'''Cube Run'''

* What: The classic game, "Cube Run" gets an update by having a new graphic interface and being hosted completely on-chain. The decentralized version of this game lets you keep your high-score running in your browser through persistent memory.
* Where: https://7qx3n-ziaaa-aaaad-qaqca-cai.raw.ic0.app/

'''HEXGL'''

* What: HexGL is a futuristic racing game using HTML5, Javascript, WebGL and hosted on the Internet Computer blockchain in order to run instantly on your browser from anywhere in the world.
* Where: https://neqb2-dyaaa-aaaad-qameq-cai.raw.ic0.app/

'''ICMoji Origins'''

* What: ICMoji Origins is an NFT-based multiplayer game built end-to-end on-chain on the Internet Computer.
* Where:
** https://icmojis.com/
** https://graci-aaaaa-aaaah-aaqjq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icmoji
* Who: [https://twitter.com/Visions_GFX Visions]

'''Lo-Fi Player'''

* What: Lo-Fi Player is a dapp hosted on the Internet Computer that lets users listen to relaxing beats delivered by blockchain. The back-end is using machine learning to build and develop the AI produced tunes, and users can interact within the player to change the sound to their liking.
* Where: https://hl2zz-gyaaa-aaaad-qas3a-cai.raw.ic0.app/

'''Mission Is Possible'''

* What: A PVP third person shooter hosted on the Internet Computer blockchain. The John Wick inspired game is built using the Unity 3D Game Engine, and hosted on the IC enabling decentralized login with Internet Identity.
* Where: https://to3ja-iyaaa-aaaai-qapsq-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/MiP_the_Game

'''Reversi'''

* What: Reversi is one of the first canister smart contracts deployed to the Internet Computer and is a completely decentralized multiplayer game. Play against a friend (or foe) in real-time, from any browser, anywhere in the world.
* Where: https://ivg37-qiaaa-aaaab-aaaga-cai.ic0.app/#!/play
* Who: [https://forum.dfinity.org/u/paulliu/ Paul Liu]

'''Rise of the Magni'''

* What: Rise of the Magni, winner of the DSCVR hackathon for games on the Internet Computer. Buy, earn, and trade collectibles, compete in tactical battles online to earn in-game tokens, and venture through story mode to experience one of the first games built on the Internet Computer.
* Where: https://riseofthemagni.com/
* Who: [https://igpeu-waaaa-aaaad-qaava-cai.raw.ic0.app/ Toniq Labs]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ToniqGames

'''Saga'''

* What: Have your fortune told on the Internet Computer. Saga Tarot gives you a tarot reading in one click. The user-friendly dapp is built completely on the Internet Computer, accessible from any browser. What will the future hold for you?
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/SagaCards
* Where:
** https://legends.saga.cards/
** https://5nl7c-zqaaa-aaaah-qaa7a-cai.raw.ic0.app/

'''Texas Hold'em'''

* What: IC Texas Hold'em is a dapp hosted completely on-chain on the Internet Computer. 2nd place winner of the DSCVR Hackathon Season 2
* Where: https://lm5fh-ayaaa-aaaah-aafua-cai.ic0.app/
* Who: [https://twitter.com/NnsDaos NNSDao]
* Github: https://github.com/NnsDao/ICTexas-UI

'''Welcome Into the Metaverse'''

* What: Prize winner of the DSCVR hackathon for the Internet Computer – this game brings digital community into a unified virtual space. Find anecdotes from founding ecosystem members, and go through a series of quests.
* Where: https://lc7ip-3iaaa-aaaah-aafva-cai.ic0.app/
* Who: https://twitter.com/ThuillierSbast3

== Metaverse (3) ==

'''Drip.Land'''

* What: Open project, liquid democracy/community. Metaverse building on the #IC
* Where: https://drip.land/info
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ICdripland
* Telegram: https://t.me/icdrip
* Discord: https://discord.com/invite/U8YppXuU2x
* Github: https://github.com/FloorLamp/drip-land

'''Metaverse AI'''

* What: Digital human and virtual idol on IC
* Where: https://www.metaverseai.org/
* Who: [https://www.linkedin.com/in/henryonline/ Henry Yan]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/metaverseOrg
* Github: https://github.com/Vera-AI-Technology
* DFINITY Grant: received in October 2021

'''XR Foundation'''

* What: an open source zero-profit collective building metaverse technologies.
* Where: https://www.xrfoundation.io/
* Github: https://github.com/XRFoundation/XREngine

== Productivity (12) ==

'''Aedile'''

* What: Aedile brings your team’s work together in one shared space, completely built on-chain. Manage your boards, columns & cards to transform your projects, serving web experiences directly from the Internet Computer blockchain.
* Where: https://eemeo-taaaa-aaaad-qakjq-cai.ic.fleek.co/
* Who: [https://www.esensconsulting.com/ Esens Consulting]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/aedile_ic

'''Bunchd'''

* What: Create, Collaborate, and Earn on the Subscription Platform controlled by Creators.
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/GetBunchd

'''Dbox'''

* What: decentralized inbox built on Internet Computer
* Where: https://www.dbox.foundation/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/DBOXFoundation

'''DeckDeckGo'''

* What: An open source web editor for presentations built completely on-chain. This dapp is like a decentralized version of Google Slides built on the Internet Computer.
* Where: https://deckdeckgo.com
* Who: https://twitter.com/daviddalbusco, https://twitter.com/nasmattia
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/deckdeckgo
* Github: https://github.com/deckgo/deckdeckgo

'''Dmail.ai'''

* What: Use Web3, not Gmail. Dmail makes it safe and private for you to communicate storage and transfer token & NFTs on DFINITY
* Where: https://dmail.ai/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/dmailofficial
* Telegram: https://t.me/dmailofficial
* Medium: [https://medium.com/@dmail_official](https://medium.com/@dmail_official)
* Github: https://github.com/dmailofficial

'''IC Contacts'''

* What: A social media management tool build on ICP, helping users manage relations in Web3 networks
* Who: [https://twitter.com/relationlabs Relation Labs]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/relationlabs
* Other: [https://twitter.com/herbertyang/status/1454780835379384326 Grand Slam winner of 7th Wanxiang Blockchain Hackathon]

'''IC Drive'''

* What: A decentralized private file storage dapp built on the Internet Computer. Store and securely share any type from anywhere in the world with this decentralized version of Box, or Google Drive.
* Where: https://icdrive.co
* Who: https://twitter.com/nanditmehra
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icDrive

'''ICEvent'''

* What: an open event service built on IC
* Where:
** https://icevent.vercel.app
** https://znisf-eqaaa-aaaaj-aabta-cai.raw.ic0.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/vansdaynet

'''Nuance'''

* What: Nuance is a Web3.0 blogging platform that is hosted on-chain end-to-end on the Internet Computer. Developed by Aikin Dapps, the alpha of the world’s first blogging platform to be hosted entirely on a blockchain has now launched. Nuance aims to bring NFTs into the world of editorial content ownership.
* Where: https://fxnaj-yaaaa-aaaaf-qad3q-cai.ic0.app
* Who: [https://www.aikin.io/ AIKIN]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/AikinDApps
* Discord: https://discord.gg/2dPCPu6zxz

'''Photos by Functionland'''

* What: Photos is a react-native(expo)+typescript application to replace Google Photos/Apple Photos, and give freedom in hosting your photos on any platform, either centralized servers like Amazon or Microsoft, or decentralized solutions such as Dfinity or IPFS-based "box"
* Where: https://fx.land/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/functionland
* Telegram: https://t.me/functionlanders
* Github: https://github.com/functionland/photos

'''Quark'''

* What: Quark is an open internet service facilitating payments on the Internet Computer like Stripe or Paypal
* Where: https://ebgyc-nqaaa-aaaaf-qad6q-cai.ic0.app/
* Github: https://github.com/SuddenlyHazel

'''Waterslide.app'''

* What: Frontend to interact with the @LiquityProtocol
* Where: https://waterslide.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/waterslide_app

== Communities (3) ==

'''ICP123'''

* What: Find Awesome Dfinity Projects
* Where: https://icp123.xyz/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/icp123xyz
* Github: https://github.com/icpfans-xyz
* Who: [https://github.com/includeleec Lee] of [https://twitter.com/nebulasio https://www.nebulas.io/]
* DFINITY Grant: received in June 2021

'''Internet Computer Education'''

* What: very helpful Github-based education resources with elaborate and step-by-step online classes and cirriculum to teach developers Internet Computer
* Where: https://github.com/DFINITY-Education
* Who: [https://github.com/nzoghb nico], [https://github.com/csolimano csolimano] and [https://github.com/crusso Claudio Russo]

'''THUBA Education'''

* What: THUBA Education is an education platform supported by Tsinghua University student Blockchain Association. The goal is to be a solid bridge between students and blockchain world. The students can use this platform to learn blockchain courses, join Hackthon and do some research.
* Where: https://thublockchain.org/
* Who: Tsinghua University Students Blockchain Association

== Enterprise (9) ==

'''Agryo'''

* What: Agryo is the global risk intelligence provider that enables financial institutions to assess and manage financial risks in the crop field level for underwriting agriculture insurance, loans, and trade finance globally; as well as meet sustainability goals.
* Where: [[www.agryo.com|www.agryo.com]]
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/agryo_

'''ContentFly'''

* What: Marketplace app connecting high quality Content Creators to Brands, running on Dfinity Internet Computer
* Where: https://contentfly.app/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ContentFlyApp

'''dFlow'''

* What: "decentralized Workflow"- an innovative and simple way for defining and executing cross-organisational business flows
* Where: https://www.dcentra.io/

'''dService'''

* What: A next-generation decentralized Service Management Application running on the Internet Computer. The Application is primarily focused on IT Service Management.
* Where:
** https://agnoo-nqaaa-aaaah-aaq4q-cai.ic0.app/
** https://dservice.app
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/dServiceApp

'''Get Impact Now'''

* What: The politics platform that enables you to change the world
* Where: https://getimpactnow.org/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/getimpactnow
* Github: https://github.com/getimpactnow/getimpactnow/

'''Optex'''

* What: Optex is a powerful data visualisation tool designed to provide seamless insights into complex data. Optex is out-of-the-box solution that will allows users to combine data in a single analysis and get a holistic view of the same with interactive customisable visualisations.
* Where: https://www.clinicaltrialsintelligence.org/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ClinTexCTi

'''Origyn'''

* What: The Origyn Foundation is blending luxury goods, with NFTs by providing digital verifications for physical objects. Only possible on the Internet Computer.
* Where: https://www.origyn.ch/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/ORIGYNTech
* Telegram: https://t.me/origynfoundation

'''Triip'''

* What: Triip is a blockchain-enabled travel platform allows for direct interactions between service providers and clients. Using a propriety token, Triip Miles or TIIM, Triip is a network that enables greater transparency, security and lower cost transactions between those who travel and those who serve them.
* Where: https://www.triip.me/
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/triipme
* Telegram: https://t.me/TriipMilesICO
* Github: https://github.com/triipme
* Who: [https://www.triip.me/pages/about_us Triip Pte Ltd]
* DFINITY Grant: received in Aug 2021

'''WeAct.chat'''

* What: The app made for groups of advocates, activists, and change makers working to better the world
* Where: https://www.weact.chat/dfinity
* Twitter: https://twitter.com/WeAct_Chat

Internet Computer vision

2022-01-07T14:11:04Z

Jens Groth: Minor fixes, deleted community fund, deleted cycles as stable value

'''The Internet Computer''' blockchain is a real "world computer" that removes the traditional limitations of smart contracts using advanced new cryptography and distributed protocols.

==Vision and Value Propositions==

===Web speed===

Smart Contracts are fast and performant to allow developers to build anything. The design goal is that developers can build consumer-facing experiences that are as fast as they would expect from centralized servers. Dapp developers do not need to choose between "smart contracts" and "fast."

From a blockchain POV, [[Internet Computer Performance]] performance tests shows the IC latency at 200 milliseconds for query calls (reads) and 2 seconds for update calls (writes). As of December 1, 2021, The Internet Computer can handle 250,000 queries per second and 11,500 update calls per second.

===Environment and cost===

====Low direct costs====
Unlike most blockchains, the efficiency and costs of the Internet Computer approaches the traditional IT stack so its is economically feasible to host dapps with lots of data and content.

For comparison:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Storage costs
|-
! Blockchain !! Storage Costs !!
|-
| Ethereum || $350,000,000 USD per GB per year ||
|-
| Internet Computer || $5 USD per GB per year ||
|}

====Low indirect costs====

Smart contracts as "secure-by-default" that comes with data replication removes a lot of software complexity that developers do not need to build. The design intent of the IC is to make development and deployment simple to reduce the time necessary to build and maintain software compared to traditional systems.

===Network scales without limit===

Most blockchains have transactions limits baked into the protocol (e.g. adding more servers to Bitcoin does not increase its transaction volume) or have layer 2 solutions to address scaling (e.g. rollups, etc...). The Internet Computer can process unbounded volumes of smart contract data and computation natively because it can grow in capacity by adding more nodes. That is how the network went from 19 blocks per second in July 2021 to 30 blocks per second by December 2021.

See Internet Computer Dashboard: https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/

===Network scaling is transparent to systems===

Network scaling is transparent to smart contract code which means that dapp developers do not need to worry about details about the network in order for their dapps to operate or scale. For example:

<blockquote>
Although subnets are the fundamental building blocks of the overall Internet Computer network, they’re transparent to users and software. Users and canister software only need to know the identity of a canister to call the functions that it shares..
</blockquote>

Source: https://medium.com/dfinity/a-technical-overview-of-the-internet-computer-f57c62abc20f

===Web serving===

====Dapp code hosted and executed on-chain====
Smart contracts on the Internet Computer securely serve web-content directly to users. This is unique among other projects where most L1 blockchains have dapps where a small part of the logic runs in a smart contract, but the actual consumer-facing web or interface is hosted on a centralized cloud provider (e.g. AWS) instead of being served directly from the blockchain.

The Internet Computer serving dapps whose code is hosted and executed entirely on-chain unlocks the power of smart contracts.

====Reverse Gas Model (AKA "canister pays")====
In dapps built on Ethereum (as an example), users require a wallet or tokens to use it. This slows down adoption of dapps because using a dapp is not as simple as clicking on a website link; it requires users to buy tokens, install browser plugins, etc. Internet Computer dapps have he "ReverseGas model" where users can interact with a dapp without having to pay in tokens since the canister can store a certain amount of [[cycles]] and pay for the user.

As an example, the Motoko Playground dapp is hosted and executed entirely on-chain and it does not require visitors to pay for the computation: https://m7sm4-2iaaa-aaaab-qabra-cai.raw.ic0.app/

====Internet Identity====

[[Internet Identity]] is a blockchain authentication system enables you to sign in securely and anonymously to dapps on the Internet Computer. This makes logging into dapps much easier and safer for dapp consumers.

===Network Nervous System===

The [[Network Nervous System]] (NNS) is the control center where the Internet Computer’s nodes and subnets are organized, tracked, and managed. The NNS is an automated in-protocol governance that makes the network self-directed. Unlike Bitcoin or Ethereum, this means the Internet Computer blockchain can update itself via community-led proposals so the community directs the network.

Advantages of an NNS:
* Seamless community-driven evolution and governance without disruptive hard forks
* Gives control of the network to token holders as well as node providers (in Bitcoin or Ethereum, only nodes affect the upgrades of the network)
* Accelerates the number of improvements or updates to the network. In 2021, the Internet Computer had dozens of updates, giving the IC very fast development iterations while also being decentralized.

===Novel “canister” smart contract framework===

Smart contracts have proven to be powerful new types of software programs because of their tamperproof nature. They can host financial contracts and systems with billions of dollars in value. However, to use Ethereum as an example, they are a limited way of expressing complex applications. More simply, building an "airbnb clone" entirely with Ethereum smart contracts would be impractical, but easy with the Internet Computer's canister smart contracts. A rough but helpful analogy may be "you can build complex calculations and logic with an excel spreadsheet, but you would not build Twitter by cobbling up many spreadsheets."

Attributes that make Internet Computer smart contracts powerful ways of building dapps:
* Orthogonal persistence (data lives in persistent memory pages) making managing data much easier
* [[Actor model]] gives dapps a time-tested model for concurrency that scales (deterministic parallelism, internally and externally)
* Dapps get access to system APIs uncommon in Ethereum smart contracts (but common tools in centralized solutions) such as public randomness
* Integration with other blockchains e.g. canister smart contracts will in the future be able to have Bitcoin addresses

===Service Nervous System (SNS) economic framework for dapps===

The Internet Computer’s SNS feature will allow developers to create decentralized, token-based governance systems for their dapps.

This unlocks a few possibilities:
* An advanced DAO can take control of a dapp
* Dapps run under the control of a community (full decentralization)
* Dapps run as extensions of the blockchain (microeconomy with macroeconomy)
* Dapps can raise funds into the SNS; funds controlled by community

Governance of the Internet Computer

2021-12-17T12:03:22Z

Jens Groth: Types and clarifications

The Internet Computer blockchain is governed by the Network Nervous System<ref>https://medium.com/dfinity/the-network-nervous-system-governing-the-internet-computer-1d176605d66a</ref>. The NNS is an algorithmic governance system that oversees the network and the token economics that make it possible to build DeFi dapps, open internet services and enterprise systems.

Holders of the Internet Computer’s ICP utility tokens can lock their tokens in ''neurons'' to participate in governance and contribute to decision-making, such as voting to determine whether or not a new collection of nodes (also called a subnet) should be added to the network.

=== Why the Internet Computer needs a Network Nervous System<ref>https://medium.com/dfinity/the-network-nervous-system-governing-the-internet-computer-1d176605d66a</ref> ===
The Internet Computer is a distributed protocol run by a network of node machines, which are hosted in different data centers. The nodes communicate with one another over the internet to achieve a consensus on what the Internet Computer’s state should be. A collection of nodes engaging in consensus is called a subnet. On top of this underlying communication and consensus protocol, the Internet Computer hosts ''canisters'', which are stateful programs that can also communicate with each other. The state of all of the canisters has to be replicated across all of the nodes. Therefore, to allow the Internet Computer to scale indefinitely, the network is made up of not just one subnet, but multiple subnets.

Different subnets can communicate with one another, enabling canisters that are hosted on different subnets to also communicate with each other. For the Internet Computer to scale on-demand, the network must be able to add new subnets over time to increase compute capacity. Moreover, the robustness of the subnets can be improved by adding new nodes to them over time. Eventually, the Internet Computer will run millions of nodes at scale. This means that there needs to be a mechanism by which the nodes and subnets are organized, tracked, and managed. For example, decisions must be made about when subnets and nodes should be added or removed. In addition, the Internet Computer was launched with an initial feature set, which evolves over time. Therefore, the Internet Computer needs to be able to make decisions on how to evolve the protocol in a distributed manner.

=Network Nervous System overview=

The NNS is a tokenized open governance system that is responsible for managing the Internet Computer. For example, the NNS stores information about what nodes belong to which subnet and the code each replica runs. The NNS also makes decisions about how to update this information and evolve the IC.

The NNS is realized by a set of ''[[canisters|canister smart contracts]]''.

=== '''NNS canister smart contracts''' ===

# '''Ledger canister:''' The ledger canister stores the ICP utility ''token balance'' of each principal and the history of ICP ''transactions''.
# '''Governance canister:''' The governance canister receives and stores ''Proposals'', which are suggestions for how the Internet Computer should be changed. These proposals can then be voted on. The governance canister also tracks ''Neurons'', which determine who is allowed to participate in governance.
# '''Registry canister:''' The registry canister stores the configuration of the whole Internet Computer, e.g., which nodes belong to a certain subnet and the software each node should run.
# '''Cycles minting canister''': This canister is responsible for minting ''cycles'', the fuel for canisters for computation, communication and storage. The cycles minting canister is involved in the initialization of canisters to give them a starting amount of cycles as well as when canisters are topped-up with additional cycles.
# '''Root canister''': The root canister is the controller of all other NNS canisters and responsible for upgrading them.
# '''Lifeline canister''': The lifeline canister is the controller of the root canister and responsible for upgrading it.
# '''Archive canisters''': The canisters that store the history of the ledger transactions once there are too many transactions to keep in a single canister.
#'''Genesis token canister:''' This is the canister that was used to initialize the neurons that already existed during genesis.

The canisters that users of the Internet Computer are interacting with the most are the first two: the ledger canister for making transactions, and the governance canister for staking tokens and submitting and voting on proposals.

= Ledger canister & ICP utility tokens in the NNS =
[[ICP token|ICP utility tokens]] are managed by the ledger canister, which stores two things: accounts and transactions. An account record keeps track of how many tokens are in the possession of a given [[principal]] (i.e., an identity by which a user is authenticated on the Internet Computer). Tokens can then be sent from one account to another, and this is recorded in the transactions of the ledger canister.

In the NNS, ICP utility tokens are used for three different things:

# ICP tokens facilitate '''participation in governance''' (more below on how the neurons are connected with the tokens).
# Those who participate in governance and those who provide compute capacity by operating note machines are '''rewarded''' in ICP tokens.
# ICP tokens are used for '''conversion into cycles''', which are fuel for canisters for computation, communication and storage.

=Governance Canister=

The governance canister is responsible for holding ''neurons'', determining who is allowed to participate in governance. Moreover, it stores proposals, which are suggestions for changes to the Internet Computer, and the information associated with proposals that decides if these suggestions should be implemented. If a proposal is adopted, the governance canister automatically executes the decision. Finally, the governance canister distributes rewards to those neurons who participated in voting and contributed to the decision making.

== Neurons ==
Neurons contain ''locked'' ICP utility tokens. These staked tokens are not liquid and cannot be transferred freely to others.

=== '''Neuron Attributes''' ===
Each neuron stores a number of neuron attributes. Some of the most important ones are the following:

* How many ICP tokens are ''locked'' in the neuron. This information is accessible both by a neuron referencing an account on the ledger canister that stores the neuron's balance and by a cached stake on the governance canister.
* A ''controller'' principal, which identifies who manages the neuron's actions.
* A unique ''neuron ID''
*The neuron's ''dissolve delay.'' Intuitively, the dissolve delay defines the earliest time when the locked ICP tokens can be unlocked. This time can be increased to up to 8 years but it can only be decreased by waiting for time to pass. A neuron can either be ''non-dissolving'', ''dissolving'', or ''dissolved.'' If a neuron is non-dissolving, its set dissolve delay is kept stable and the timer is not running down. The neuron can then be set to dissolving, which means that the dissolve delay is decreasing with the time. Finally, if a the dissolve delay reaches 0, the neuron is dissolved and the locked tokens can be transferred out of the neuron.
*The ''age'', which is between 0 and 4 years. A neuron's age determines the time since when then neuron has last entered the non-dissolving state.
A neuron's dissolve delay determines a neuron's ''eligibility'' to participate in voting. Namely, only those neurons with tokens locked for at least six months are eligible to participate in governance. This incentivizes neuron holders to vote such that the value of their tokens is maximized for a future date. Assuming the value of the tokens is a rough proxy for the network’s success, this incentivizes neuron holders to vote in the long-term interest of the Internet Computer.

A neuron's ''voting power'' depends on how many tokens a neuron has locked, as well as the neuron's dissolve delay and age. Intuitively, those who are more committed to the Internet Computer, as they have locked their tokens for longer or have already staked them for a long time, have more voting power. The voting power increases with the dissolve delay and the age.

Finally, the number of rewards that each neuron receives depends on the number of votes that the neuron participated in as well as the neuron's voting power.

===How to lock tokens in a neuron<ref>https://medium.com/dfinity/the-network-nervous-system-governing-the-internet-computer-1d176605d66a</ref>===

As a user, there are different [[ICP staking options]] to stake ICP utility tokens in a neuron. The effect of such an operation is that these ICP tokens are transferred to a ledger account that is associated with a newly created neuron. The tokens are thus locked and cannot be used freely by the neuron holder.

'''Example.''' ''Let’s assume that User B, who has an account (A1) on the ledger canister, would like to lock a hundred tokens in a neuron. To do so, User B sends a command to the NNS specifying the number of tokens and User B’s corresponding principal ID.''

''A transaction is then recorded on the ledger, which specifies that some tokens are sent from the original account (A1) of the user to a new account (A2), which also creates the new account (A2) that holds the locked tokens. A new neuron is created in the governance canister that specifies that User B is the one controlling this neuron and that specifies that the amount of locked tokens is defined by the new ledger account A2.''

''Externally, it’s not visible that the new account (A2) holds locked tokens or is in any way related to the original account (A1). Nevertheless, this account is in fact controlled by the neuron, which means that the tokens are not liquid and that User B cannot transfer the tokens or convert the tokens into cycles.''

The main reason for a user to lock tokens in a neuron is to be able to participate in voting and get voting rewards. Both are described in more detail below.
== Proposals ==
A proposal is a suggestion for a change to the Internet Computer. More technically, a proposal describes a ''method'' in a canister that is called if the proposal is accepted. Moreover, it describes the ''parameters'' with which the method will be called.

The Internet Computer supports a variety of different proposal ''topics''. Here are some examples of topics that are supported in the NNS governance canister:
* #SubnetManagement Proposals: This considers topology changes. The example proposal above about whether a node should be added to a subnet falls into this category.
* #NodeAdmin Proposals: This concerns the administration of node machines. An example of a proposal could specify that all of the nodes in a subnet should be updated.
* #NetworkEconomics Proposals: This concerns the administration of network economics. For example: what rewards should be paid to the node machine providers?
*#Motion Proposals: These proposals do not have a direct execution of a method as a consequence but are merely there to record the opinion of the community on a specified matter.

== Voting and proposal lifecycle ==

=== Submitting a proposal ===
Any eligible neuron can [[submit a proposal]]. To avoid being inundated by useless proposals, a user submitting a proposal has to pay a fee of 1 ICP when submitting a proposal, that they will receive back if the proposal is adopted (but that they will not receive back if the proposal is rejected).

'''Example.''' ''Let’s consider a User C who would like to suggest that a new subnet is created that initially consists of two nodes: Node 1 and Node 2. Once User C controls a neuron, they can submit a proposal by specifying their neuron ID, the type of proposal that they would like to submit, and the proposal’s parameters. In our example, the proposal specifies that a new subnet should be created and the proposal's parameters consist of the initial nodes Node 1 and Node 2. Upon the receipt of this proposal, the governance canister first checks that this user is indeed the one controlling the neuron with the given ID and that this neuron is eligible to vote. If the requirements are met, the proposal is added to the governance canister.''

After a proposal is submitted by an eligible neuron, the proposal is created and stored in the governance canister. Moreover, the governance canister computes and stores additional information with each proposal. First, the [[voting power]] of each neuron is computed and stored together with the proposal. The sum of all of these voting powers also determines the ''total voting power'' associated with a given proposal.

When a new proposal is created, the number of “yes” votes associated with the proposal is already increased by the proposer’s voting power. This reflects that the proposal already has the support of the user submitting it.

Moreover, each proposal has an associated ''voting period,'' which determines the period of time over which votes for this proposal are accepted.

=== Viewing NNS Proposals ===
You can see all the NNS proposals on the Internet Computer dashboard: https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/governance

===Discussing NNS Proposals===

Voters can freely discuss proposal anywhere they like. A lot of NNS proposals are discussed on the developer forum: https://forum.dfinity.org/c/roadmap/29.

===Voting on a proposal===
After a proposal is submitted and added to the governance canister, other users who control neurons can [[ICP voting options|vote on the proposal]]. Currently, the most user-friendly way to vote on NNS proposals is via the NNS Frontend dapp: https://nns.ic0.app/. For voting, users would first learn which are the open proposals on the governance canister that they can actually vote on. This information is available, for example on Internet Computer dashboard: https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/governance or in the [[NNS frontend dapp]].

If a neuron votes in favor of a proposal, the governance canister adds this neuron’s voting power, as stored with the proposal, to the “Yes”-votes associated with the proposal. Likewise, if a neuron votes against a proposal, the governance canister adds the neuron’s voting power to the “No”-votes of the proposal.

'''Example.''' ''Assume that a given User D would like to reject the proposal that was just added by User C. To do so, User D would send their neuron ID and a “no” vote to the governance canister. The governance canister would check that the vote is coming from the correct user who controls the neuron and confirm that the neuron is eligible to vote. If the conditions are met, the governance canister would then add the voting power of User D to the “no” votes.''

====Neuron following and liquid democracy====

Users may not have the time or knowledge to participate in all voting decisions. Therefore, instead of directly voting on proposals, neuron holders may choose to delegate their vote to other neurons that they trust with certain decisions. This concept of delegating the right to vote to other voters who then effectively vote with more voting power is called ''liquid democracy.''

Concretely, for each proposal topic a neuron can [[How to follow neurons|specify a set of other neurons that it would like to ''follow'']] ''(so-called followees)''. In addition, a neuron can specify a set of followees for "all other topics" that are not covered by specific rules. The governance canister keeps track of this relation of follower and followee neurons. It then automatically casts a vote for a follower neuron based on the decision of the followees. In particular, if more than 50% of the followees vote "yes", then a "yes" vote is cast for the follower and if at least 50% of the followees vote "no", then a "no" vote is cast for the follower.

'''Example'''. ''Consider neuron N1 that follows the set of neurons {N2, N3, N4, N5} on all proposal topics. Consider now that a proposal is submitted by another neuron N6. Assume in a first scenario that first N2 votes "No" and then N3 votes "No" on the proposal. In that case, the governance canister will also send a "No" vote for N1 two out of four followees voted "No" (which also means that it is not possible anymore to get more than 50% "Yes" votes). Assume a second scenario where N2 votes "Yes" and then N3 votes "Yes" on the proposal. In that case, no vote is sent yet for N1. However, if either N4 and N5 also send a "Yes" vote, a "Yes" vote is also cast for N1.''

This liquid democracy has great advantages. First, it allows even neurons that do not have enough knowledge of a certain topic to nevertheless participate in governance by choosing the neurons that they trust with certain decisions and by delegating their vote to them. In particular, a neuron can choose a different set of followees for different topics. Moreover, this mechanism allows neuron holders to get voting rewards from voting participation even if they do not have time to actively participate in all voting decision.

=== Proposal decision and wait-for-quiet ===
A proposal can be ''decided'' in two ways:
# '''Absolute Majority before the voting period ends''': At any point, even before the voting period ends, if an absolute majority (more than half of the total voting power stored in the proposal) has voted Yes, then the proposal is adopted and if an absolute majority has voted No, then the proposal is rejected.
# '''Simple Majority at the voting period’s end''': When the voting period ends, if a simple majority (more than half of the cast votes) has voted Yes and the number of these Yes-votes constitute at least 3% of the total voting power, then the proposal is adopted. Otherwise, the proposal is rejected.

What also plays into this is the fact that the governance voting algorithm also applies ''wait-for-quiet''. The idea of wait-for-quiet is to decide proposals quickly when all voters agree, but increase the time that neurons can vote for proposals that are controversial. That means that the voting period can be dynamically increased, depending on the neurons’ votes. In particular, each time a proposal’s outcome is turned (either a Yes-majority is turned to a No-majority or vice versa), the proposal’s deadline is increased. Currently, a proposal's initial voting period is 4 days and can be increased by at most another 4 days. That is, the voting period that is taken into account for the above rules can be between 4 and 8 days, depending on the voting activity.

=== Proposal execution ===
Recall that a proposal defines a method, a canister, and some parameters. As soon as a proposal is adopted, the defined method on the specified canister is called with the given parameters. This is done fully automatically by the governance canister.

== Voting Rewards ==
Contributing to decision-making is one incentive for voters to lock their neurons, but they are also ''rewarded'' for participating in network governance.

Specifically, each day the governance canister considers which proposal can be settled. It is then considered for each neuron in how many proposals they participated and with which voting power. Depending on this, the neurons get rewarded. Concretely, rewards are added to a neuron's attributed that is called ''maturity.'' Maturity represents ICP utility token that are not yet minted.

A neuron holder can then profit from the maturity in two ways:

# '''Spawn maturity:''' A neuron holder can choose to [[How to spawn a neuron|spawn a new neuron]] to get liquid ICP utility tokens worth the voting rewards. Spawning a new neuron has the effect that a new neuron with a new associated account on the ledger will be created, which contains the amount of staked ICP utility token equivalent to the maturity of the original neuron. In fact, the new tokens are minted and transferred to the new account, which is also recorded in the ledger canister. The new neuron has a small dissolve delay of 7 days. This means that users only need to wait a short amount of time to be able to unlock the tokens and use them freely, no matter what dissolve delay the original neuron has.
# '''Merge maturity''': A neuron holder can choose to [[merge maturity]] to reinvest the voting rewards in the existing neuron. This neuron operation adds the ICP utility token equivalent of the maturity to the neuron's stake and adjusts the neuron's age accordingly. Effectively this means that the maturity is reinvested in the neuron and contributes to the neuron's voting power.

= Cycles Minting Canister and Cycles<ref>https://medium.com/dfinity/the-network-nervous-system-governing-the-internet-computer-1d176605d66a</ref> =
Besides governance participation and voting rewards, tokens can also be converted into cycles, which fuel computation and storage on the Internet Computer. Each canister on the Internet Computer, except for those on the NNS, uses cycles for computations and has some cycles stored within it. While the token price may vary over time, the goal of the cycles is to keep the price of computation roughly consistent over time.

The canister responsible for converting ICP utility tokens into cycles is the ''Cycles Minting Canister.'' To convert cycles for creating or topping-up a canister, a user needs to send ICP utility tokens to the Cycles Minting Canister. This canister then burns the tokens and mints the cycles.

The Cycles Minting Canister only facilitates the conversion of ICP utility tokens to cycles but not the other way around. Cycles are burned in canisters when they use computation and storage over time.

'''Example.''' ''Consider User E who runs a canister on the Internet Computer and would like to top up the cycles of this canister so that it can perform even more computations. Also assume that this canister currently has 700 trillion cycles and User E would like to increase this number by 200 trillion. To do so, the user would send a command to the NNS that specifies the action of topping up their canister. Upon receiving this command, a transaction is made from the user’s account to the Cycles Minting Canister. As a result of this transaction, the Cycles Minting Canister would burn the tokens, mint new cycles, and send these freshly minted cycles to the user’s canister, meaning the canister balance is now 900 trillion cycles.''

=References=

Principal

2021-12-17T08:54:11Z

Jens Groth: Include max length of principals

A '''principal''' is an identifier for an entity on the IC such as a user, a canister smart contract, or a subnet.

== Types of principals ==
There are several types of principals.

=== Management principal ===
The management principal is used to reference the management canister.

=== Opaque principal ===
An opaque principal is chosen by the system. This kind of principal is used to reference any canister that is not the management canister.

=== Self-Authenticating principal ===
A self-authenticating principal is a hash of a public signature key. This kind of principal is for instance used to reference a subnet or user.

=== Derived principal ===
The principal is derived from a registering principal. This type of principal is currently not used.

=== Anonymous principal ===
The anonymous principal is used to reference an anonymous user.

== Representation ==

=== Binary ===
A principal consists of a variable-length byte array of up to 29 bytes. The last byte is used to indicate the type. The table below gives the type inferred from the last byte.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Byte'''
|'''Type'''
|-
|none
|Management
|-
|<code>0x01</code>
|Opaque
|-
|<code>0x02</code>
|Self-Authenticating
|-
|<code>0x03</code>
|Derived
|-
|<code>0x04</code>
|Anonymous
|-
|<code>0x05</code>
|Unassigned
|}

=== Textual ===
A principal is shown in textual format by prepending it with its [[wikipedia:Cyclic_redundancy_check#CRC-32_algorithm|CRC-32]] value in big-endian byte order, applying [[wikipedia:Base32|Base32]] encoding without padding, grouping characters by length five, and separating them by a hyphen. The maximal length of the encoding, including hyphens, is 63 characters. The table below gives some common principals.
{| class="wikitable"
!Principal
!Description
|-
|<code>aaaaa-aa</code>
|[[Management Canister|management canister]]
|-
|<code>rrkah-fqaaa-aaaaa-aaaaq-cai</code>
|[[Governance Canister|governance canister]]
|-
|<code>ryjl3-tyaaa-aaaaa-aaaba-cai</code>
|[[Ledger Canister|ledger canister]]
|-
|<code>tdb26-jop6k-aogll-7ltgs-eruif-6kk7m-qpktf-gdiqx-mxtrf-vb5e6-eqe</code>
|[[Network Nervous System|network nervous system]]
|-
|<code>2vxsx-fae</code>
|anonymous user
|}

Principal

2021-12-17T08:44:19Z

Jens Groth: Added explanation how different types of principals are created.

A '''principal''' is an identifier for an entity on the IC such as a user, a canister smart contract, or a subnet.

== Types of principals ==
There are several types of principals.

=== Management principal ===
The management principal is used to reference the management canister.

=== Opaque principal ===
An opaque principal is chosen by the system. This kind of principal is used to reference any canister that is not the management canister.

=== Self-Authenticating principal ===
A self-authenticating principal is a hash of a public signature key. This kind of principal is for instance used to reference a subnet or user.

=== Derived principal ===
The principal is derived from a registering principal. This type of principal is currently not used.

=== Anonymous principal ===
The anonymous principal is used to reference an anonymous user.

== Representation ==

=== Binary ===
A principal consists of a variable-length byte array. The last byte is used to indicate the type. The table below gives the type inferred from the last byte.
{| class="wikitable"
|'''Byte'''
|'''Type'''
|-
|none
|Management
|-
|<code>0x01</code>
|Opaque
|-
|<code>0x02</code>
|Self-Authenticating
|-
|<code>0x03</code>
|Derived
|-
|<code>0x04</code>
|Anonymous
|-
|<code>0x05</code>
|Unassigned
|}

=== Textual ===
A principal is shown in textual format by prepending it with its [[wikipedia:Cyclic_redundancy_check#CRC-32_algorithm|CRC-32]] value in big-endian byte order, applying [[wikipedia:Base32|Base32]] encoding without padding, grouping characters by length five, and separating them by a hyphen. The table below gives some common principals.
{| class="wikitable"
!Principal
!Description
|-
|<code>aaaaa-aa</code>
|[[Management Canister|management canister]]
|-
|<code>rrkah-fqaaa-aaaaa-aaaaq-cai</code>
|[[Governance Canister|governance canister]]
|-
|<code>ryjl3-tyaaa-aaaaa-aaaba-cai</code>
|[[Ledger Canister|ledger canister]]
|-
|<code>tdb26-jop6k-aogll-7ltgs-eruif-6kk7m-qpktf-gdiqx-mxtrf-vb5e6-eqe</code>
|[[Network Nervous System|network nervous system]]
|-
|<code>2vxsx-fae</code>
|anonymous user
|}

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-23T11:29:38Z

Jens Groth: /* FAQs */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Feel free to join in. All are welcome!
== Topics Central ==

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[Internet Computer vision]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [[Internet Identity]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[Internet Computer Performance]]
* [[DFINITY]]
* [[Custody, Staking, and Voting]]
*[[Network Nervous System]]
== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[Myths and facts]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Canister smart contracts]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]
* [[Best practices for a high traffic dapp launch]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [[Known limitations of the IC]]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

== FAQs ==

* [[FAQ]]
== How-To section ==
How-Tos are step-by-step instructions for specific, narrow goals.
* [[How-To: Claim neurons for seed participants]]

== Tutorial section ==
Tutorials are guided introductions to user stories, intended for first-time users and characterized by a shallow learning curve.
* [[Tutorial: Neuron control]]

== Contributors ==

=== Housekeeping Rules ===

* Please refrain from redundancy, such as referring to the Internet Computer in article titles. This is, after all, the Internet Computer Wiki.
* Please carefully consider your use of capitalisation. Most words in titles should be capitalised. DFINITY is always stylised in all-caps.

=== How to Contribute ===
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Number of articles: {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}

DFINITY Foundation

2021-11-08T14:18:22Z

Jens Groth: Added links

'''DFINITY''' is a name for the '''DFINITY Foundation''', or more correctly '''“DFINITY Stiftung”''', a not-for-profit organization headquartered in [[Zürich]], Switzerland, that was originally founded in [[Zug]] in October 2016.

DFINITY contributes technology to the [[Internet Computer]] blockchain, provides support for its ecosystem, and advocates for its application as a technology stack. DFINITY holds an endowment of [[ICP tokens]] that are currently worth billions of dollars, which it sells as needed to fund its operations. While DFINITY has no shareholders or members, DFINITY acts competitively, just like a startup, with the aim of succeeding in its mission.

A stated objective of DFINITY is to create a [[blockchain singularity]], in which over time, the majority of humanity’s systems and services are rebuilt, and reimagined, upon the [[Internet Computer]] blockchain using a new form of [[smart contracts]] called [[canisters]]. DFINITY is held to its mission, which is defined in its [[notarial deed]], by a regulatory framework operated by the [[Central Switzerland BVG and Foundation Supervisory Authority (ZBSA)]].

The organization can be described as [[Blockchain Maximalist]] and decentralization-forward. DFINITY runs what is arguably blockchain's largest R&D operation, which employs many famous [[cryptographers]], computer science researchers and senior engineers. It currently employs around 200 full-time personnel, with many working from dedicated research centers in locations including Zürich, Switzerland, and California, and from numerous remote teams. DFINITY is constantly integrating new talent into its team and scaling its R&D effort. By its own estimates, it will grow to employ thousands of R&D and operations staff in the coming years.

The name DFINITY derives from '''D'''ecentralized in'''FINITY''', which was first used by its founder [[Dominic Williams]] in 2015 to refer to technical research he had performed with the hope of enabling [[Ethereum]] to become a true [[world computer]] blockchain. Once it became apparent that a large and highly specialized team would need to perform years of blue sky R&D to realize the [[world computer]] vision, DFINITY became a standalone project. Today, the [[Internet Computer]] incorporates a blockchain architecture that has been totally rethought from the ground up in order to provide world computer capabilities.

DFINITY has become a go-to organization for talented individuals interested in working at the leading edge of blockchain, computer science and cryptography.

After several years of R&D, which effort continues today, the Internet Computer blockchain underwent [[Genesis]] on the 10th of May 2021.

DFINITY links
* [https://dfinity.org homepage]
* [https://twitter.com/dfinity tweets]
* [https://medium.com/dfinity articles on Medium]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ developer forum]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ subreddit]

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T14:09:31Z

Jens Groth: /* Topics Central */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[Myths and facts]]
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T14:06:47Z

Jens Groth:

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T14:04:10Z

Jens Groth: /* Topics Central */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Here you will find technical documentation covering all aspects of the Internet Computer Protocol. Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T14:03:55Z

Jens Groth: /* FAQs */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Here you will find technical documentation covering all aspects of the Internet Computer Protocol. Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Index of dapps on the Internet Computer ecosystem

2021-11-08T13:59:43Z

Jens Groth: Created page with "* [https://identity.ic0.app Internet Identity] * [https://nns.ic0.app NNS dapp] * [https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/ DSCVR] * [https://c7fao-laaaa-aaaae-aaa4q-c..."

* [https://identity.ic0.app Internet Identity]
* [https://nns.ic0.app NNS dapp]
* [https://h5aet-waaaa-aaaab-qaamq-cai.raw.ic0.app/ DSCVR]
* [https://c7fao-laaaa-aaaae-aaa4q-cai.ic0.app/ Distrikt]
* [https://7e6iv-biaaa-aaaaf-aaada-cai.ic0.app/ OpenChat]

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T13:50:26Z

Jens Groth: /* For dapp developers */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Here you will find technical documentation covering all aspects of the Internet Computer Protocol. Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Index of dapps on the Internet Computer]]
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T13:47:04Z

Jens Groth: /* For computer scientists */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Here you will find technical documentation covering all aspects of the Internet Computer Protocol. Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T13:46:44Z

Jens Groth: /* Topics Central */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Here you will find technical documentation covering all aspects of the Internet Computer Protocol. Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[ICP token]]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]

Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki

2021-11-08T10:13:56Z

Jens Groth: Created page with "This is a test page. Feel free to add, remove and edit the text below. This is a test "hello world""

This is a test page. Feel free to add, remove and edit the text below.

This is a test "hello world"

Internet Computer wiki

2021-11-08T10:12:29Z

Jens Groth: /* Using the wiki */

Welcome to the Internet Computer Wiki! Here you will find technical documentation covering all aspects of the Internet Computer Protocol. Feel free to join in. All are welcome!

= Topics Central =

* [[Internet computer]]
* [[DFINITY]]

== For blockchain & crypto enthusiasts ==
* [[The cryptography behind the Internet Computer]]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/dfinity/ r/dfinity]
* [[How to stake on the Internet computer]]
* [[Tokenomics of the Internet Computer]]
* [[Governance of the Internet Computer]]

== For dapp developers ==
* [[Internet Computer for dapp developers]]
* [[Best practices for NFT drops]]
* [https://forum.dfinity.org/ IC community developer forum]

== For computer scientists ==
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== For node owners ==
* [[Internet Computer for node owners]]

= FAQs =

'''Simple English FAQ'''

* [[ELI5: What is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How fast is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: How big is the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the function of the ICP utility token?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the consensus algorithm of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What kind of dapps are possible on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: What is the history of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[ELI5: Why can the Internet Computer do these things other blockchains cannot?]]
* [[ELI5: What are some dapps or examples of products that are running on the Internet Computer?]]

'''Crypto community FAQ'''

* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Bitcoin?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer compare with Ethereum?]]
* [[How decentralized is the Internet computer?]]
* [[How do I build on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How much does it cost to run a dapp on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer governed?]]
* [[What are the tokenomics of the Internet Computer?]]
* [[How do I stake on the Internet Computer?]]
* [[What do smart contracts on the Internet computer look like?]]
* [[How does the Internet Computer scale?]]
* [[Where can I see the code of the Internet Computer?]]
* [https://dashboard.internetcomputer.org/ Internet Computer dashboard]

'''Computer Scientists FAQ'''
* [[The Internet Computer for Computer Scientists]]

== Using the wiki ==
Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

Use this page to test editing
* [[Test editing the Internet Computer Wiki]]